Eco System

Pioneer species are the plants that are first to invade the bare area. In lithosere, the lichens are the pioneer vegetation that corrode the rock at places.

Ecosystem having the highest primary productivity is forest

The shape of pyramid of energy is always upright. The pyramid of energy represents the total amount of energy utilized by different trophic level organisms of an ecosystem in unit area over a set period of time. The quantity of energy trapped, by green plants is highest among organisms of different trophic levels nd the base of pyramid is broad,

Energy is not recycled is ecosystem .