Electrostatics

Step 1: Understanding Quantization of Charge.
According to the principle of quantization of charge, the total charge ( ) on a body is always an integral multiple of the basic unit of charge ( ), which is the charge of an electron. This is mathematically expressed by the formula: $ Q n e n Q = 1 \text{ C} e \approx 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C} n 6.25 \times 10^{18}$ electrons combine to make one coulomb of charge.

Step 1: Setting up the Parameters.
Consider a parallel-plate capacitor with plate area and separation . Let a dielectric slab of thickness ( ) and dielectric constant be introduced between the plates. The electric field in the vacuum region is , and the field inside the dielectric is .

Step 2: Calculating Potential Difference.
The total potential difference between the plates is the sum of the potential across the air gap and the potential across the dielectric: $ E_0 = \frac{Q}{A\epsilon_0} C C = \frac{Q}{V} V t = d K \rightarrow \infty $ The capacitance becomes infinite because the two plates are effectively short-circuited.