General Knowledge

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the author of the book titled 'Freedom Behind Bars'.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The book 'Freedom Behind Bars' was written by Kiran Bedi, the first woman to join the Indian Police Service (IPS).
The book is based on her experiences and reforms implemented when she served as the Inspector General of Prisons at Tihar Jail, Delhi.
Other Options:
- Jawaharlal Nehru wrote books like The Discovery of India and Glimpses of World History.
- Nelson Mandela's autobiography is titled Long Walk to Freedom.
- Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography is The Story of My Experiments with Truth.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Kiran Bedi is the author of 'Freedom Behind Bars'.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This is a factual question asking for the key individual behind the establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885. The initiative for its formation was taken by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired Scottish civil servant. He served as the first General Secretary of the INC. While early Indian leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, and Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (who was the first president) were crucial, A. O. Hume is widely regarded as the founder of the organization.
The other options were prominent leaders of the INC at later stages but were not involved in its founding in 1885.
Step 3: Final Answer:
A. O. Hume was the founder of the Indian National Congress.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question requires matching famous books with their respective authors.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's match each book from List-I to its author in List-II.
- (A) The Godfather: This famous crime novel was written by (II) Mario Puzo.
- (B) The Jungle Book: This collection of stories was authored by the English writer (I) Rudyard Kipling.
- (C) The Blue Umbrella: This novella is a well-known work by Indian author (IV) Ruskin Bond.
- (D) A tale of two cities: This historical novel about the French Revolution was written by (III) Charles Dickens.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching is:
(A) → (II)
(B) → (I)
(C) → (IV)
(D) → (III)
This corresponds to option (C).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the author of the book "The Birth of New India".
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The book "The Birth of New India" was written by Annie Besant.
Annie Besant was a British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer, orator, and a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement. She also founded the Home Rule League in India in 1916. Her writings often reflected her political and spiritual views on India's future.
Other Options:
- Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first Prime Minister and author of The Discovery of India.
- John Milton was a 17th-century English poet, famous for Paradise Lost.
- Manik Bandopadhyay was a renowned Bengali novelist and short story writer.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The author of "The Birth of New India" is Annie Besant.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks about the components of the Human Poverty Index (HPI). The HPI was introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure deprivation in a country. There were two versions: HPI-1 for developing countries and HPI-2 for developed countries. The variables listed correspond to HPI-1.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Human Poverty Index for developing countries (HPI-1) measured poverty based on three dimensions of deprivation:
1. A long and healthy life: Measured by (A) the probability at birth of not surviving to age 40.
2. Knowledge: Measured by (B) the adult illiteracy rate.
3. A decent standard of living: This was a composite variable measured by:
- The percentage of the population without sustainable access to an improved water source (C).
- The percentage of children under weight for age (D).
Therefore, all four variables listed were components of the HPI-1.
Step 3: Final Answer:
All the given variables (A), (B), (C), and (D) are included in the Human Poverty Index (HPI-1).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the specific term in international trade that describes the types or 'nature' of goods and services being traded.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Volume of trade: This refers to the total quantity or value of goods and services traded. It measures 'how much' is being traded.
- Composition of trade: This refers to the types of goods and services that a country exports and imports. It describes the 'what' or the 'nature' of the trade, for example, whether a country primarily exports raw materials and imports manufactured goods. This matches the question's description.
- Direction of trade: This refers to the countries with which a country trades. It describes 'with whom' the trade is happening.
- Balance of trade: This is the difference between the value of a country's exports and its imports.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The nature of goods and services is denoted by the term 'Composition of trade'.