Microbiology And Biotechnology

Denitrification is a process where nitrate (NO₃⁻) is reduced to nitrogen gas (N₂) or other gaseous forms. The key microbes involved include:

• Achromobacter (B): A known denitrifying bacterium.
• Pseudomonas (C): Another significant bacterium involved in denitrification.

Nitrosomonas (D): It is involved in nitrification, not denitrification. Rhizobium (A) and Azotobacter (E): These are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, not involved in denitrification.

1. In the first step of glycolysis, hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using one molecule of ATP.
2. This phosphorylation step is critical for trapping glucose inside the cell and initiating glycolysis.
3. The other options involve either enzymatic cleavage or phosphorylation without ATP usage.

• Chytridiomycota: Primitive fungi with flagellated spores.
• Zygomycota: Fungi forming zygospores during reproduction.
• Glomeromycota: Fungi involved in mycorrhizal associations with plants.
• Ascomycota: Sac fungi producing spores in asci.
• Basidiomycota: Club fungi producing spores on basidia.