Latin American Literature

Step 1: Identify the historical figures and their roles.
- Fray Bartolomé de las Casas → Defensor de los pueblos indígenas de América.
- Simón Bolívar → Libertador de los países de América del Sur.
- Hernán Cortés → Conquistador del Imperio Azteca.
- Cardenal Cisneros → Inquisidor español y reformador religioso.
Step 2: Match accordingly.
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.
Step 3: Verification.
Each individual’s historical contribution matches the correct description.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct option is (2) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

Step 1: Identify each song or album and its singer.
- “Me pasé” → A song by Enrique Iglesias (featuring Farruko).
- “Chantaje” → Sung by Shakira featuring Maluma.
- “Felices los 4” → A popular hit by Maluma.
- “De una vez” → A song by Selena Gomez performed in Spanish.
Step 2: Match accordingly.
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.
Step 3: Verify correctness.
Each artist corresponds with their well-known song.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is (3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

Step 1: Identify the location of each river.
- Río Magdalena → Located in Colombia, one of the principal rivers of the country.
- Río Ebro → Found in Spain, flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
- Río Plata → Basin located between Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay; primarily associated with Argentina.
- Río São Francisco → Located in Brazil, an important river for hydroelectric power and irrigation.
Step 2: Match accordingly.
A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III.
Step 3: Verification.
All rivers correspond correctly with their countries of flow.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct answer is (2) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III.

Step 1: About the author.
Octavio Paz, a Mexican poet, essayist, and diplomat, is one of the most celebrated figures in Latin American literature. He served as Mexico’s ambassador to India from 1962 to 1968.
Step 2: His works related to India.
During his stay in India, Paz wrote works such as “Ladera Este” (1969) and “Vislumbres de la India” (1995), which reflect his philosophical and poetic reflections inspired by Indian culture, spirituality, and his diplomatic experience.
Step 3: Analysis of options.
- (1) Pablo Neruda: Also a diplomat, but focused mainly on Latin America.
- (2) César Vallejo: Peruvian poet, not associated with India.
- (3) Octavio Paz: Correct — author of Ladera Este and Vislumbres de la India.
- (4) Javier Moro: Contemporary novelist, wrote El sari rojo on Sonia Gandhi, but not these works.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the writer who authored Ladera Este and Vislumbres de la India based on his experiences in India is Octavio Paz.

Step 1: Understanding the question.
The question refers to the origin of poesía gauchesca, a literary genre that reflects the life, culture, and values of the gauchos (cowboys) of Argentina and Uruguay.
Step 2: About Bartolomé Hidalgo.
Bartolomé Hidalgo (1788–1822) is considered the founder of gauchesque poetry. His works depicted the voice and spirit of rural people during the independence era in the Río de la Plata region.
His famous works include “Cielitos” and “Diálogos patrióticos”.
Step 3: Analysis of options.
- (1) Juan Ruiz de Alarcón: Spanish dramatist, not related to gauchesque poetry.
- (2) José Hernández: Wrote “Martín Fierro,” but he is a later figure; the creator is Hidalgo.
- (3) Andrés Bello: Known for classical and linguistic works, not gauchesque poetry.
- (4) Bartolomé Hidalgo: Correct — regarded as the creator of gauchesque poetry.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, the creator of poesía gauchesca is Bartolomé Hidalgo.

Step 1: Identify each geographical location.
- Tikal → Located in Guatemala; ancient Mayan city.
- Atacama → Desert located in Chile.
- Islas Galápagos → Belong to Ecuador; known for biodiversity.
- Líneas de Nazca → Ancient geoglyphs located in southern Peru.
Step 2: Match accordingly.
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.
Step 3: Verify the mapping.
All locations are correctly associated with their respective countries.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is (1) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

Step 1: Identificar el origen de los pintores.
- (A) Diego Rivera — pintor mexicano, reconocido por sus murales y obras sobre la vida y lucha del pueblo.
- (B) Pablo Picasso — artista español, uno de los fundadores del cubismo.
- (C) Frida Kahlo — pintora mexicana, famosa por sus autorretratos y simbolismo personal.
- (D) Joan Miró — artista español, asociado al surrealismo.
Step 2: Clasificación.
De las opciones dadas, los pintores latinoamericanos son Diego Rivera (A) y Frida Kahlo (C).
Step 3: Conclusion.
Por tanto, la opción correcta es A y C.