Research Methodology

The correct option is(C): B-E-D-A-C

The correct answer is (A) : Longitudinal Research.

The correct answer is (C) : Inductive Research.

The correct answer is (C) : Analytical Error.

The correct answer is (C) : Humanistic and Positivistic Research.

The correct answer is (B) : Snowball.

The correct option is(C): Case Study

The correct option is(A): Mixed Method Research

The correct option is(D): Research design

The correct option is(C): Case-study method

Concept: Sampling methods are used in research to select a subset of a population. The goal is to obtain a representative sample while minimizing bias.
Step 1: Understanding the key condition.
The question specifies that every member of the population has an equal chance of selection.
Step 2: Identifying the correct sampling method.
This condition is the defining feature of Random Sampling (also called Simple Random Sampling), where each individual has an equal probability of being chosen.
Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options.

• Stratified Sampling divides the population into subgroups before sampling.
• Systematic Sampling selects every unit.
• Purposive Sampling is based on the researcher’s judgment.

Conclusion:
Thus, the correct answer is Random Sampling.

Concept: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is a foundational work in sociology that explores the relationship between religion and economic behavior.
Step 1: Understanding the theme of the book.
The book examines how Protestant values, especially those of Calvinism, contributed to the development of capitalism in Western societies.
Step 2: Identifying the author.
The book was written by the German sociologist Max Weber, one of the founding figures of sociology.
Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options.

• Karl Marx focused on capitalism from a materialist perspective.
• Emile Durkheim studied social facts and division of labor.
• Herbert Spencer is known for social Darwinism.

Conclusion:
Thus, the correct answer is Max Weber.

Concept: The Dowry Prohibition Act was enacted to eliminate the practice of dowry in India, which involves giving or receiving property or valuable security in connection with marriage. It is a key social legislation aimed at protecting women's rights and preventing exploitation.
Step 1: Understanding the purpose of the Act.
The Act was introduced to make the giving and taking of dowry a punishable offense and to discourage this social evil.
Step 2: Identifying the year of enactment.
The Dowry Prohibition Act was passed in the year 1961 by the Indian Parliament.
Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options.

• 1955 is associated with Hindu Marriage Act.
• 1976 and 1984 relate to later amendments and other legal developments.

Conclusion:
Thus, the correct answer is 1961.

Concept: Social research follows a systematic and logical sequence of steps to ensure accuracy, reliability, and validity of findings. Each stage builds upon the previous one.
Step 1: Identifying the research problem.
The process begins with clearly defining the research problem or question that needs investigation.
Step 2: Formulating a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation or prediction that can be tested through research.
Step 3: Collecting data.
Relevant data is gathered using various methods such as surveys, interviews, or observations.
Step 4: Analyzing the data.
The collected data is systematically analyzed to test the hypothesis.
Step 5: Drawing conclusions.
Finally, conclusions are drawn based on the analysis, confirming or rejecting the hypothesis.
Conclusion:
Thus, the correct chronological sequence is:

Concept: The Panchayati Raj system was constitutionally recognized to promote decentralized governance and strengthen democracy at the grassroots level. Reservation for women was introduced to ensure their participation in local self-government.
Step 1: Understanding the purpose of the amendment.
The amendment aimed to institutionalize Panchayati Raj and enhance democratic participation, especially for marginalized groups including women.
Step 2: Identifying the relevant amendment.
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 provided constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and mandated that not less than one-third (33%) of seats be reserved for women, including positions of chairpersons.
Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options.

• 42nd Amendment dealt with fundamental duties and other changes during Emergency.
• 44th Amendment restored civil liberties after Emergency.
• 86th Amendment relates to the Right to Education.

Conclusion:
Thus, the correct answer is the 73rd Amendment.