Modern Indian History

Concept: India’s early labour movement began before formal trade unions, led by pioneers who worked for workers’ rights. Step 1:Identify the pioneer.
Narayan Meghaji Lokhande is regarded as the first labour leader of India. He worked for:

• Better working conditions
• Weekly holidays
• Fixed working hours

Step 2:Eliminate other options.}

• Sorabjee Bengalee Social reformer, not first labour leader
• Lala Lajpat Rai Freedom fighter
• B. P. Wadia Later trade union leader

Final Answer:

Concept: The Cabinet Mission of 1946 consisted of three British members sent to discuss India's constitutional future. Step 1:Recall the members of the Cabinet Mission.}

• Lord Pethick-Lawrence
• Sir Stafford Cripps
• A. V. Alexander

Step 2:Identify the incorrect option.
Campbell H. Johnson was not a member of the Cabinet Mission. Final Answer:

Concept: The Deccan Riots (1875) were uprisings by peasants against moneylenders (sahukars) due to heavy debts and exploitation. Step 1:Understand the cause.
Peasants were burdened with high-interest loans and oppressive practices of moneylenders.
Step 2:Identify the target of violence.
The anger of peasants was mainly directed at:

• Moneylenders (sahukars)
• Their houses and property

Step 3:Eliminate incorrect options.}

• Courts Not primary target
• Hospitals Irrelevant
• Debt bonds They were destroyed, but violence mainly targeted houses

Final Answer:

Allan Octavian Hume established the India National Congress