Electrostatics

Step 1: Power dissipation in a resistor.
The power dissipated by a resistor when connected to a voltage is given by the formula:

This formula indicates that the power dissipated depends on the voltage across the resistor and its resistance.
Step 2: Power dissipation when resistors are in series.
When two resistors, and , are connected in series, the total resistance of the circuit becomes:

The voltage across the entire series combination remains the same as when only was connected, but the current in the circuit changes because the total resistance is now higher.
The current in the circuit is given by Ohm's law:

Thus, the current decreases because the total resistance is greater.
The power dissipated by is now:

This shows that the power dissipated by will decrease because the current in the circuit is reduced due to the increase in total resistance.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The power dissipated by will decrease when resistor is added in series with , since the total resistance of the circuit increases, reducing the current and hence the power dissipated by .
Thus, the correct answer is (2) Decrease.

Step 1: Understand the concept of quantization of charge.
The concept that the electric charge on a body is always an integral multiple of the fundamental charge (denoted as , the charge of an electron or proton) is known as the quantization of charge. This means that all charges in nature can be written as integer multiples of the elementary charge, i.e., the total charge on any object is , where is an integer.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
Additivity of charges: This principle states that when charges combine, their total charge is the sum of the individual charges. It is not related to the quantization of charge.
Quantization of charges: This is the correct concept. The charge on any body can only be an integer multiple of the elementary charge , making it the correct answer.
Conservation of charges: This principle refers to the fact that charge can neither be created nor destroyed in an isolated system. It is different from the concept of quantization.
Principle of superposition: This principle relates to the net force or field due to multiple sources and does not deal with the quantization of charge.
Thus, the correct answer is Quantization of charges (Option 2).
Step 3: Conclusion.
The concept that the electric charge on a body is always an integral multiple of the elementary charge is known as the quantization of charges.