Life Cycle Assessment

In life cycle assessment (LCA), there are different scopes that define the extent of the analysis:

- Cradle-to-grave analysis includes all stages from raw material extraction to the disposal of the product, making it the most comprehensive.
- Cradle-to-gate analysis assesses the product from raw material extraction up to the factory gate (excluding the use and end-of-life stages).
- Gate-to-gate analysis refers to the analysis between specific gates of the production process, such as the factory gate to another production stage.

In this diagram, ‘R’ represents cradle-to-grave analysis because it spans the entire life cycle, from material extraction to the end of life.
Therefore, the correct answer is (A).