Waves

To find the orbital velocity of a satellite, we use the formula: where: m kg s kg m Now plug in the values: So, the final velocity of the satellite is:

To find the orbital velocity of a satellite, we use the formula:

where:

m kg s
kg
m

Now plug in the values:


So, the final velocity of the satellite is:

In GNSS systems, relativistic effects on satellite clocks arise due to both gravitational and kinematic factors.

The first part of the relativistic effect comes from the general relativity principle where time dilation occurs because satellites orbit in a weaker gravitational field compared to the Earth's surface.
The second part arises from periodic variations in the satellite’s speed and distance from Earth, which are caused by the satellite’s orbital eccentricity. These variations cause periodic shifts in the satellite's clock due to special relativity.

Hence, the relativistic correction includes terms that are directly related to both the semi-major axis and the eccentricity of the satellite orbit.

NOVASAR uses the S-BAND P–4
RISAT-1 operates in the C-BAND Q–2
TERRASAR operates in the X-BAND R–1
ALOS PALSAR operates in the L-BAND S–3

So, the correct mapping is:
P–4, Q–2, R–1, S–3