Biotechnology

Step 1: Understanding Bt poison.
Bt poison is a naturally occurring insecticidal protein produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. This bacterium is used in genetically modified crops for pest resistance.

Step 2: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1) Bacillus thuringiensis.

Step 1: Understanding Recombinant DNA Technology.
Recombinant DNA technology involves the manipulation of DNA molecules to create new genetic combinations. The main steps involved are:
1. **Isolation of DNA**: The desired gene is isolated from the organism's genome.
2. **Cutting the DNA**: Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific locations to isolate the gene of interest.
3. **Insertion of Gene**: The isolated gene is inserted into a vector (usually a plasmid or virus) to form recombinant DNA.
4. **Introduction into Host Cell**: The recombinant DNA is introduced into a host organism (e.g., bacteria) through transformation or transfection.
5. **Selection and Cloning**: The host cell that contains the recombinant DNA is selected, cultured, and allowed to replicate, producing multiple copies of the gene.
6. **Expression**: The gene is expressed in the host cell, producing the desired protein.
7. **Purification**: The protein or product is extracted and purified for use.

Step 2: Conclusion.
Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized fields such as medicine, agriculture, and research by enabling the manipulation and expression of genes in various organisms.

Step 1: Understanding Cloning.
Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. This can occur naturally, as in the case of identical twins, or artificially, through techniques such as somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into an egg cell to create an organism with the same genetic makeup.

Step 2: Conclusion.
Cloning involves the reproduction of an organism from a single cell or tissue, ensuring the offspring has the same genetic identity.

Step 1: Understanding cry gene.
The cry gene is a gene found in certain strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. This gene codes for a protein (Cry protein) that is toxic to certain insects. The gene is widely used in biotechnology to develop genetically modified crops that are resistant to pests.

Step 2: Conclusion.
The cry gene plays a vital role in producing insect-resistant crops by producing a toxin harmful to specific pests.

• Approval of large-scale use of genetically engineered organisms
• Regulation of GM crops and products
• Ensuring biosafety in environmental release