Basic Biology

Concept: Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system responsible for transmission of impulses. Photosynthesis is a vital biological process that sustains life by producing food and oxygen.
Option 1: Structure of a Neuron A neuron is a specialized cell designed to receive, process, and transmit nerve impulses.
Main Parts of a Neuron:
Dendrites: Branched projections that receive signals from other neurons and carry impulses toward the cell body.
Cell Body (Cyton): Contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. It integrates incoming signals and maintains cell metabolism.
Axon: A long, cylindrical structure that carries impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or effectors.
Myelin Sheath (if present): Fatty insulating layer that increases speed of impulse transmission.
Axon Terminals: End branches that transmit signals across synapses using neurotransmitters.
Option 2: Detailed Process of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants synthesize food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water in presence of chlorophyll. Overall Chemical Equation: Steps of Photosynthesis:
Light Absorption: Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
Photolysis of Water: Water molecules split into hydrogen and oxygen using light energy. Oxygen is released as a byproduct.
Formation of ATP and NADPH: Energy carriers formed during light reaction.
Carbon Fixation (Calvin Cycle): Carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen to form glucose.
Glucose Formation and Storage: Glucose is used for energy or stored as starch.