Planning Theory

Step 1: Understanding the question.
According to Indian planning standards, a medical college should be established in areas with a significant population to ensure its viability and serviceability. The planning standards set the threshold population for such institutions.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) 500000: This population threshold is not sufficient for planning a medical college according to Indian standards.
(B) 1000000: Correct — A medical college is to be provided for planning units with a minimum population of 1 million, as per Indian planning standards.
(C) 10000000: This is too large, as the threshold is set at 1 million, not 10 million.
(D) 2500000: This is incorrect, as the population requirement is lower than 2.5 million.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (B) 1000000, as per Indian planning standards for the establishment of medical colleges.

Step 1: Understanding the question.
John Friedmann was a key figure in urban planning and planning theory. He is best known for his work on advocacy planning, which emphasizes the importance of planning in favor of marginalized groups. However, he is particularly associated with Equity Planning, which focuses on creating equitable and fair opportunities for disadvantaged communities.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) Conservative Surgery: This is not associated with Friedmann’s work in planning theory.
(B) Equity Planning: Correct — John Friedmann is associated with Equity Planning, which advocates for fairness in the distribution of resources.
(C) Advocacy Planning: Although Friedmann contributed to advocacy planning, it is the principle of Equity Planning that is most closely associated with him.
(D) Four Stage Model of Regional Development: This model is more associated with other theorists like W. Arthur Lewis and not John Friedmann.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (B) Equity Planning, as this is the theory most closely linked to John Friedmann.