One Word Substitution

Step 1: Understanding the characteristics.
The question describes a person who possesses good understanding, knowledge, and reasoning power. This refers to someone who is capable of thinking critically and has deep intellectual abilities.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) Expert: An expert is someone who has specialized knowledge in a particular area but doesn't necessarily imply general understanding or reasoning power.
(B) Intellectual: Correct — An intellectual is someone who engages in critical thinking and has a high capacity for reasoning, knowledge, and understanding.
(C) Snob: A snob is someone who looks down on others based on their perceived social status or education, but it doesn't relate to good reasoning or intellectual abilities.
(D) Literate: Being literate means being able to read and write, but it doesn't necessarily imply the ability to reason or have deep knowledge.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (B) Intellectual, as it best describes a person with good understanding, knowledge, and reasoning power.

Step 1: Understanding the phrase.
The phrase refers to a condition of extreme old age when someone behaves irrationally or foolishly.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) Imbecility: This refers to a condition of being mentally weak or lacking intelligence, which doesn't specifically relate to old age.
(B) Senility: This is a condition associated with old age, but it refers more to the general decline in mental or physical health, not specifically the foolish behavior.
(C) Dotage: Correct — Dotage refers to the period in old age when a person exhibits foolish behavior, often due to mental deterioration.
(D) Superannuation: This refers to retirement or the condition of being too old to work, not the mental decline associated with old age.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (C) Dotage, as it specifically refers to old age characterized by foolish behavior.

Step 1: Understanding the context.
The question asks about the field of study related to ancient societies.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) Anthropology: Anthropology is the study of humans, including their cultural, social, and biological aspects. While it includes the study of societies, it does not focus solely on ancient societies.
(B) Archaeology: Correct — Archaeology is the study of past human societies through their material remains such as artifacts, structures, and other physical evidence.
(C) History: History focuses on written records and events, not specifically on the study of ancient societies through artifacts.
(D) Ethnology: Ethnology is the comparative study of cultures, focusing on current or historical cultural practices rather than ancient societies.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (B) Archaeology, as it is the field specifically concerned with the study of ancient societies through their remains.