The Age Of Industrialization

Step 1: Understanding Silicosis.
Silicosis is a lung disease caused by the inhalation of fine silica dust. It is commonly found among workers who are exposed to such dust in mining, construction, and other industrial environments.
Step 2: Causes and Affected Workers.
Silicosis is especially prevalent in environments where workers are exposed to silica dust, such as mining operations. This dust can cause long-term damage to the lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.
Step 3: Comparison with other options.

• (A) Farmers: Incorrect. While farmers may be exposed to dust and chemicals, they are not typically at risk for silicosis.
• (B) Miners: Correct. Silicosis is most commonly found in miners who work in environments where silica dust is prevalent.
• (C) Fishermen: Incorrect. Fishermen are not typically exposed to silica dust and thus are not at risk for silicosis.
• (D) Textile mill workers: Incorrect. Textile workers may be exposed to cotton dust but not silica dust, so they are not typically at risk for silicosis.

Step 4: Conclusion.
The disease silicosis is mainly found in miners who work in environments where they are exposed to silica dust. Final Answer:} Miners.

Step 1: Understanding Industrialization.
Industrialization leads to urbanization, economic growth, and the use of machines to improve production. It typically results in the decline of agricultural employment as people migrate to cities for industrial work.
Step 2: Explanation of the options.

• (A) Rise of Cities: Correct. Industrialization leads to the rise of cities as industries attract workers for better employment opportunities.
• (B) Increase in Production: Correct. Industrialization generally increases production as factories use machines to produce goods on a large scale.
• (C) Use of Machines: Correct. The use of machines is a key characteristic of industrialization, which enhances production efficiency.
• (D) Increase of people in Agriculture: Incorrect. Industrialization often leads to a reduction in agricultural labor as people shift to industrial jobs in urban areas.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (D) because industrialization typically decreases the number of people working in agriculture as they move to cities for industrial work. Final Answer:} Increase of people in Agriculture.

Step 1: Understanding the correct pair.
Jan Breman, a prominent sociologist, coined the term "Foot loose labour," referring to migrant workers who move from place to place in search of work. His research focused on the lives of these workers and the informal economy.
Step 2: Explanation of the options.

• (A) Jan Breman – Foot loose labour: Correct. Jan Breman’s work is well known for discussing the conditions and mobility of migrant labourers in the informal economy.
• (B) Auguste Comte – Invisible hand: Incorrect. The concept of the "Invisible Hand" is associated with Adam Smith, not Auguste Comte. Comte is known for developing positivism and social theory.
• (C) Yogendra Singh – Alienation: Incorrect. Yogendra Singh is a sociologist known for his work on Indian society, but the concept of "alienation" is more closely associated with Karl Marx.
• (D) Emile Durkhein – Surplus Value: Incorrect. The concept of "Surplus Value" is associated with Karl Marx. Durkheim is known for his work on social integration and the division of labour.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (A) Jan Breman – Foot loose labour, as he is the one who studied and coined this concept. Final Answer:} Jan Breman – Foot loose labour.