Acids Bases And Salts

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Metals can react chemically with acids.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Curd and other sour substances contain naturally occurring organic acids (like lactic acid in curd, citric acid in lemon).
Brass and bronze are alloys containing reactive metals like copper, zinc, and tin.
If sour foods are kept in such vessels, the acids present in the food slowly react with the metals of the vessel.
This reaction leads to the formation of harmful and toxic metallic salts.
Consumption of these toxic compounds can cause food poisoning and health issues.

Step 3: Final Answer:
They shouldn't be kept in these vessels because the acids react with the metals to produce toxic, poisonous substances.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Electrolysis is the process of using electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In acidulated water, the ions present are mainly (from water and acid) and (from water) along with anions from the acid (like ).
During electrolysis:
1. At the Cathode (negative electrode): Positively charged Hydrogen ions ( ) are attracted. They gain electrons (reduction) to form Hydrogen gas ( ).
Equation:
2. At the Anode (positive electrode): Negatively charged Hydroxide ions ( ) are attracted and lose electrons (oxidation) to form Oxygen gas ( ) and water.
Equation:

Step 3: Final Answer:
Hydrogen is produced at the cathode, and Oxygen is produced at the anode.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Antacids are mild bases that are used to neutralize excess stomach acid (Hydrochloric acid) during indigestion or heartburn.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Since they must be safe for human consumption, weak bases are used.
Common examples include:
1. Magnesium hydroxide ( ), commonly known as Milk of Magnesia.
2. Sodium bicarbonate ( ), commonly known as baking soda.
3. Aluminum hydroxide ( ).
Providing any one of these is sufficient.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Magnesium hydroxide is a common antacid.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Many industrially important chemical compounds have standard common names alongside their chemical formulas.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The chemical formula represents Calcium oxychloride.
It is synthesized by the action of chlorine gas on dry slaked lime ( ).
In everyday and industrial contexts, it is widely known by its common name, Bleaching powder.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Its common name is Bleaching powder.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Both are important sodium salts with distinct domestic and industrial applications.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Washing Soda ( ):
1. It is used for softening hard water (removing permanent hardness).
2. It is widely used as a cleansing agent for domestic purposes (laundry) and in the manufacture of glass, soap, and paper.
Baking Soda ( ):
1. It is a major ingredient in baking powder, which is used to make cakes and bread soft and spongy (by releasing when heated).
2. It acts as an antacid in medicine to neutralize excess stomach acidity. It is also used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.

Step 3: Final Answer:
See detailed explanation for the required uses.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Active metals displace hydrogen from dilute acids.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
When an active metal (like Zinc or Magnesium) reacts with a dilute acid (like or ), it forms a metal salt and liberates Hydrogen gas.
Reaction example: .
Test for Hydrogen gas:
Bring a burning splinter or matchstick near the mouth of the test tube where the gas is evolving.
If the gas burns with a characteristic 'pop' sound, it confirms the presence of Hydrogen gas.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Hydrogen gas is evolved, and it is tested by observing a 'pop' sound with a burning splinter.