Conservation Biology

Step 1: Understand Gene banks.
Gene banks are facilities where genetic material of plants, animals, or microorganisms is stored for future use.
These facilities store DNA, seeds, sperm, and other genetic material.

Step 2: Understanding Ex-situ conservation.
Ex-situ conservation involves preserving species outside of their natural habitat.
Gene banks, where genetic material is stored for later use or research, are an example of ex-situ conservation.
Step 3: Review of other options.
In-situ conservation: This refers to the conservation of species in their natural habitat, such as national parks or wildlife sanctuaries.
Sanctuary: A sanctuary is a protected area where wildlife is preserved, but it’s part of in-situ conservation.
Hotspot: A biodiversity hotspot is an area that is rich in species but is threatened by human activities, but not a gene bank.

Thus, the correct answer is (A) Ex-situ conservation.