Mendelian Genetics

Step 1: Introduction to Gregor Mendel.
Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian biologist who is widely recognized as the father of the science of genetics. His experiments on pea plants laid the foundation for understanding inheritance patterns. Step 2: Mendel's Contribution.
Mendel's work demonstrated how traits are inherited from one generation to the next, based on dominant and recessive alleles, and how these traits follow specific ratios in offspring. Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, Gregor Johann Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics due to his groundbreaking work on inheritance.

Step 1: Understanding Generation.
The generation refers to the first filial generation of offspring obtained by crossing two parental organisms with contrasting traits. Step 2: Dominant and Recessive Traits.
In Mendel's experiments, the trait that appeared in the generation (the offspring) was the dominant trait. The other trait, which did not appear, was the recessive trait. Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the trait expressed in the F₁ generation is the dominant trait.

Step 1: Mendel's Experimental Setup.
Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants, where he selected seven pairs of contrasting traits (characters). These traits included flower color, seed shape, and plant height. Step 2: The Seven Traits.
The seven pairs of contrasting traits Mendel studied were:
1. Seed shape (round vs. wrinkled)
2. Seed color (yellow vs. green)
3. Flower color (purple vs. white)
4. Pod shape (inflated vs. constricted)
5. Pod color (green vs. yellow)
6. Flower position (axial vs. terminal)
7. Plant height (tall vs. short)
Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, Mendel had chosen 7 pairs of contrasting characters for his study.