Answer (B) DNA fingerprinting technique was first developed by Alec Jeffreys.
Complete answer:
DNA fingerprinting is a technique that helps to determine an individual’s DNA characteristics. It is based on the principle that although 99.9% of DNA is the same for all individuals there are enough differences that help in identifying one individual from another.
Alternate Approach:
The technique of DNA fingerprinting was discovered by Alec Jeffrey in late 1984. The technique has several steps with sample preparation being the first one.
- Samples are collected from the individual, samples may include blood, saliva, semen, vaginal lubrication, or any other personalized items such as a toothbrush or razor.
- This is followed by the extraction of the DNA from the sample that has been collected.
- For extraction of the DNA, the cells need to be broken which allows the DNA to be free in the solution, after being separated from other cellular components, the remaining cellular debris is removed leaving the DNA in the solution.
- The DNA is then cut using restriction enzymes leading to the fragmentation of the DNA.
- These fragments are separated by electrophoresis following transfer to the membrane.
- Then a radiolabeled probe is hybridized on the membrane and the binding pattern can be observed using an X-Ray film.
Hence, the correct answer is option (B)
Note: DNA fingerprinting is an important forensic tool used for criminal investigations. It is mostly used to find out the criminal through the DNA found at the crime scene. It is also used for genealogical and medical research purposes and in parentage testing.