C Programming

No, it is not possible to overload a destructor in C++. Reason: Function overloading requires that the functions have the same name but different signatures (i.e., a different number or type of parameters). A destructor, by definition, can never take any arguments. Its syntax is fixed as `~ClassName()`. Since it has no parameters, there is no way to create another destructor with a different signature. Therefore, a class can only have one destructor.

Step 1: Understand the C++ standard for data types. The C++ standard does not define a fixed size for fundamental data types like `int`. It only guarantees a minimum range of values they can hold.
Step 2: Analyze the options. The actual size of an `int` depends on the compiler and the architecture of the system (e.g., 16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit).

On older 16-bit systems, an `int` was often 2 bytes.
On most modern 32-bit and 64-bit systems, an `int` is typically 4 bytes.
However, this is an implementation detail, not a language rule.
Therefore, the most accurate answer is that the size depends on the compiler and the underlying system.

Step 1: Review C++ array initialization syntax. In C++, a static array is declared with its type, name, and size in square brackets. It can be initialized at the time of declaration using an initializer list in curly braces `{}`.
Step 2: Analyze the options.

(A) \text{int a[3] = \{1, 2, 3\};}: This is the correct and complete syntax. It declares an integer array named `a` of size 3 and initializes it with the given values.
(B) \text{int a = \{1, 2, 3\};}: This is incorrect. The square brackets `[]` for the size are missing.
(C) \text{int a[] = new int[3];}: This is incorrect syntax. `new int[3]` is for dynamic allocation and would be assigned to a pointer, e.g., `int a = new int[3];`.
(D) \text{int a(3) = \{1, 2, 3\};}: This is incorrect. Parentheses are not used for declaring array sizes.
Another valid syntax is `int a[] = {1, 2, 3};` where the compiler infers the size from the initializer list. However, option (A) is the most explicit and correct choice provided.

A constructor in C++ is a special member function of a class that is automatically called when an object of that class is created. Its primary purpose is to initialize the data members of the new object. Key properties of a constructor:

It has the same name as the class.
It does not have a return type, not even `void`.
It can be overloaded (i.e., a class can have multiple constructors with different parameters).
If a constructor is not defined by the programmer, the compiler provides a default constructor.

Step 1: Understand what a keyword is. A keyword is a reserved word with a special meaning to the compiler. It cannot be used as an identifier (e.g., a variable name).
Step 2: Check the C++ standard. The number of keywords in C++ has grown with each new version of the standard (C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, etc.).

C++98 had 63 keywords.
C++11 added 10 more.
C++20 has over 90 keywords.
Looking at the options, 95 is a plausible number for a recent C++ standard (around C++20). The number can be fluid, but it is in this range. For example, C++23 adds more. Option (B) 48 is closer to the number of keywords in C.

Step 1: Define the scope resolution operator. In C++, this operator is used to access a global variable when there is a local variable with the same name, or to define a member function outside of its class definition.
Step 2: Identify the symbol. The symbol for the scope resolution operator is the double colon, ::. For example, if you have a global variable `x` and a local variable `x`, you can access the global one with `::x`. To define a class `MyClass`'s member function `myFunc`, you would write `void MyClass::myFunc()`.

Step 1: Understand macros in C++. Macros are a feature of the C++ preprocessor. They allow you to define a token that will be replaced by a set of characters before the code is compiled.
Step 2: Identify the preprocessor directive. The directive used to create a macro is \text{\#define}. The hash symbol `\#` indicates that it is a preprocessor directive. For example: `\#define PI 3.14159`. The preprocessor will replace every instance of `PI` in the code with `3.14159`.