Programming Languages

Step 1: Differentiate between procedural and non-procedural languages.

Procedural languages (like C, Java, C++) require the programmer to specify a step-by-step sequence of operations (the "how") to achieve a result.
Non-procedural (or declarative) languages require the programmer to specify the desired result (the "what") without detailing the steps to get there.

Step 2: Classify the given languages.

(A) C, (C) Java, and (D) C++ are all procedural or object-oriented languages where you write explicit instructions.
(B) SQL (Structured Query Language) is a declarative language. You declare the data you want to retrieve (e.g., `SELECT name FROM users WHERE age>18`), and the database engine figures out the procedure to get it.
Therefore, SQL is a non-procedural language.