Sql

(a) To fetch garments of size 'L', we use the SELECT statement with a WHERE clause.
It ensures only those records are fetched where SIZE is equal to 'L'.

SELECT GNAME FROM GARMENT WHERE SIZE = 'L';

This command retrieves the names of garments available in L size: Jeans, Trousers, and Ladies Top.
(b) To update the COLOUR of garment with GCODE 115, use the UPDATE statement.
It targets the exact row using the GCODE field.

UPDATE GARMENT SET COLOUR = 'Orange' WHERE GCODE = 115;

This statement changes the COLOUR of Trousers (GCODE 115) to Orange.
(c) The INSERT INTO statement adds a new row to the GARMENT table.
We provide values in the same order as the columns in the table.

INSERT INTO GARMENT (GCODE, GNAME, SIZE, COLOUR, PRICE) VALUES (117, 'Kurta', 'M', 'White', 1000);

This command adds a new garment record named Kurta to the table.
(d) To remove a column from a table in SQL, we use the ALTER TABLE statement with DROP COLUMN.

ALTER TABLE GARMENT DROP COLUMN COLOUR;

This command removes the COLOUR column and all its associated data from the GARMENT table.

Aggregate functions in SQL perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single value.
They are widely used in data analysis, reporting, and summarization.
Three common aggregate functions are:
(i) SUM(): This function adds up all values in a numeric column.
Example: SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees; returns the total salary of all employees.
(ii) AVG(): Computes the average value of a numeric column.
Example: SELECT AVG(marks) FROM students; gives the average marks of all students.
(iii) COUNT(): Returns the number of rows or entries in a column.
Example: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders; counts the total number of orders.
These functions are often used with GROUP BY and HAVING clauses for advanced data analysis.

In SQL, the DISTINCT keyword is used in a SELECT statement to remove duplicate records from the result set.
When selecting data from a column that may contain repeated values, DISTINCT ensures that only one occurrence of each value appears in the output.
For example, the query SELECT DISTINCT country FROM users; will return a list of unique countries from the users table.
DISTINCT applies to the entire row if multiple columns are specified.
This is useful in reporting and filtering scenarios where duplicates are not desired.

In SQL, the ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result set of a query based on one or more columns.
The sorting can be done either in ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC) order.
However, if neither ASC nor DESC is explicitly mentioned, the default sorting order is ascending.
This means that values will be arranged from smallest to largest — for numbers, lowest to highest; for text, alphabetically A to Z.
Therefore, even if Kritika omits ASC or DESC, the data will still be sorted in ascending order by default.