Social Psychology

Active listening is the process of fully concentrating, understanding, and responding thoughtfully during communication.
It involves several important steps: First, paying full attention to the speaker by facing them and maintaining eye contact.
Second, avoiding distractions and refraining from interrupting while the other person is talking.
Third, showing that you are listening by nodding, giving verbal acknowledgements like “yes” or “I see”, and using appropriate facial expressions.
Fourth, providing feedback by paraphrasing or summarizing what the speaker has said to confirm understanding.
Fifth, asking questions for clarification if something is unclear, which shows genuine interest.
Lastly, responding appropriately and respectfully once the speaker has finished, offering constructive input if required.
Practicing these steps helps build trust, prevents misunderstandings, and strengthens personal and professional relationships.

Extrinsic motivation refers to doing an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment.
Two examples of extrinsic motivation are:
1. Receiving a salary or bonus for completing work tasks.
2. Studying hard to get good grades or win a scholarship.
Extrinsic motivation comes from outside the person, unlike intrinsic motivation which comes from personal interest.

Intrinsic motivation refers to the drive to engage in an activity for its own sake, because it is interesting or enjoyable.
It comes from within the individual rather than from external rewards or pressures.
People who are intrinsically motivated perform tasks because they find them personally rewarding.
Examples include learning a new skill out of curiosity or solving a puzzle for fun.
This type of motivation is important for personal satisfaction and long-term engagement.

Effective communication plays a vital role in the banking sector because it helps maintain trust and clarity between the bank and its customers.
Banks deal with complex financial information, and clear communication ensures customers understand products, services, and terms properly.
Good communication prevents misunderstandings that could lead to costly errors or customer dissatisfaction.
It also helps employees coordinate better, share accurate information, and handle tasks efficiently.
In addition, effective communication improves teamwork and boosts employee morale within the organization.
In today’s competitive market, excellent customer service depends heavily on clear and polite communication, which builds long-term customer relationships and the bank’s reputation.
Therefore, good communication skills are essential at all levels of banking operations.

WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol.
It is a set of communication protocols that allows wireless devices such as mobile phones and PDAs to access information over a mobile wireless network.
WAP made it possible for mobile users to browse the internet, check emails, and use online services on small-screen devices before smartphones and 4G internet became common.
It was especially significant in the early days of mobile technology because it standardized how content could be delivered to wireless devices.
Although modern smartphones now use advanced mobile apps and browsers, WAP laid the foundation for today’s mobile internet services.
In banking, WAP helped early mobile banking services by enabling secure access to account information and transactions via mobile phones.

Dependent Personality Disorder is a type of personality disorder where an individual shows a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of by others.
People with this disorder often feel helpless and cannot make everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
They fear separation and have difficulty being alone, relying on others to meet both emotional and physical needs.
This can lead to submissive and clinging behaviors and an intense fear of abandonment.
Other options like Paranoid, Narcissistic, or Schizoid Personality Disorders do not specifically involve over-reliance on others to this degree.
Therefore, the correct choice is Dependent Personality Disorder.

Books are considered powerful sources of motivation and inspiration for people of all ages.
They provide access to new ideas, different perspectives, and vast knowledge that expands our thinking.
By reading books, we can imagine possibilities that lie beyond our immediate experience or abilities.
They help us explore unknown concepts, uncharted territories, and dreams that motivate us to strive for more.
Therefore, among the given options, Books is the most appropriate answer.

A person with a Paranoid Personality Disorder is excessively distrustful and suspicious of others.
They often interpret others' actions as malicious and hold grudges for a long time.
They may have difficulty forming close relationships due to their constant mistrust.
Rakhi’s inability to trust anyone, including close friends or family, and her tendency to hold grudges clearly indicate a paranoid pattern.
Therefore, the correct answer is Paranoid.

Motivation can be broadly categorized as intrinsic or extrinsic.
Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for its own sake, out of interest or enjoyment.
There is no external reward; the activity itself is satisfying and rewarding.
Examples include hobbies, creative tasks, or learning something new for personal fulfillment.
Therefore, the correct answer is Intrinsic.

The communication process is a two-way interaction between a sender and a receiver.
The sender encodes a message and transmits it through a suitable channel to the receiver.
The receiver then decodes the message to interpret its meaning.
To complete the cycle, the receiver sends a response back to the sender — this response is called feedback.
Feedback confirms whether the message was properly received and understood, helping avoid misunderstandings.
Without feedback, communication remains incomplete and ineffective.
Therefore, the correct answer is Feedback.

Motivation explains why people act or behave in a certain way to achieve goals.
It can come from within a person or from external sources.
When people are driven by their own interests, curiosity, or satisfaction, this is called intrinsic motivation.
However, when the drive comes from outside — like getting a reward, bonus, praise, promotion, or any other benefit — it is called extrinsic motivation.
The question clearly mentions 'incentives or external rewards', which directly relates to extrinsic motivation.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (B).

Positive stress, also called eustress, is beneficial and keeps individuals motivated and energetic.
It pushes people to perform better and achieve their goals with enthusiasm.
Eustress makes tasks feel challenging but enjoyable, helping individuals stay engaged.
Its key characteristics are that it improves performance, creates excitement, and drives motivation.
Demotivation, on the other hand, is a sign of negative stress or distress, which lowers morale and performance.
Since demotivation does not align with the nature of positive stress, option (D) is the correct choice.

Active listening is a process that involves several stages which help a listener understand and respond effectively.
The common stages of active listening are: Receiving, Understanding, Remembering, Evaluating, and Responding.
Receiving is when the listener hears the message clearly.
Understanding involves interpreting the meaning of the message.
Remembering means retaining the information for future use.
Responding is giving appropriate feedback to the sender.
Non-responding is not a stage of active listening; rather, it indicates a lack of response, which goes against the principle of being actively engaged.
Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and a deep need for admiration.
People with NPD often believe they are superior to others and expect special treatment.
A key feature is a lack of empathy, meaning they struggle to understand or care about others’ feelings.
They also exaggerate achievements and talents, often bragging or boasting about their abilities.
Other disorders listed do not fit this description: Paranoid involves distrust, Antisocial involves disregard for laws and rights of others, and Avoidant is marked by social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy.
Therefore, Narcissistic Personality Disorder is the correct answer.

Perseverance refers to the determination to keep working toward a goal, even when obstacles or difficulties arise.
It is the mental strength and commitment to continue despite delays, failures, or discouragement.
While organisational and interpersonal skills are important, they do not specifically describe the act of pushing through challenges.
Taking initiative means starting things independently, but it does not guarantee consistent effort during hardship.
Perseverance is a key trait in personal and professional success, helping individuals reach their long-term goals.
Therefore, the correct answer is Perseverance.

Personality traits refer to enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make one individual different from another.
These traits are consistent over time and across situations, helping psychologists understand how people typically think and act.
The Five Factor Model is a widely accepted framework that describes personality using five broad dimensions.
Any two parameters from this model are:
1. Openness to Experience — describes the degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity, and preference for novelty.
2. Conscientiousness — relates to being organized, dependable, and disciplined.
Other factors include Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
Together, these traits provide a comprehensive picture of an individual’s personality.

Active listening is a structured process that ensures the listener fully understands and responds thoughtfully.
The first stage is Receiving, where the listener pays attention and accurately hears the message.
The next four stages are:
1. Understanding — This stage involves grasping the meaning of what is heard.
2. Remembering — This step means retaining the information for future reference.
3. Evaluating — The listener critically assesses and interprets the message’s value and relevance.
4. Responding — This final stage involves giving feedback, asking questions, or showing understanding to complete the listening loop.
All these stages work together to ensure communication is clear and effective.