Major Diseases Of Cattle And Poultry

Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens caused by a herpesvirus known as Marek's disease virus (MDV) or Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2. The other diseases are caused by different viruses: Ranikhet (Newcastle disease) by a paramyxovirus, Avian Influenza by an orthomyxovirus, and Infectious Bronchitis by a coronavirus.

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus \textit{Eimeria}. While multiple species can cause intestinal coccidiosis, two of the most significant and pathogenic species are:

\textit{Eimeria necatrix:} Causes severe disease in the small intestine.
\textit{Eimeria tenella:} Primarily affects the ceca and is one of the most pathogenic species.
Both are major causes of intestinal coccidiosis, but different species affect different parts of the intestine. The question is general, making both strong candidates. \textit{E. acervulina} affects the upper small intestine, and \textit{E. brunetti} affects the lower small intestine and rectum.

Assuming "Bird's Fino" is a typo for Bird Flu (Avian Influenza), the symptoms can be varied. In highly pathogenic forms, common symptoms include severe respiratory distress such as gasping, neurological signs like trembling and lack of coordination, watery diarrhea, and sudden death. Pox lesions are caused by the Avipoxvirus. While paralysis can occur, gasping and trembling are very common signs of severe systemic infection.

Matching Avian Influenza strains to their historical outbreaks can be specific. Let's analyze the pairs:

C. H7N1: A highly pathogenic strain first identified in Quail in Italy in 1999.
Based on common knowledge of major AI outbreaks:
A. H1N1: While famous as "swine flu," its avian origins are complex.
B. H5N2: A notable outbreak occurred in Ducks in Alberta, Canada.
The matching seems designed around specific virological history points. The most accurate provided match would link the strains to known outbreaks. Re-evaluating based on the options points to A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III as the intended answer, although some historical details can be debated. H7N1 in Italy is a key marker.
The question requires very specific knowledge of virology history. Based on the options, the intended answer is likely (C).

Curled toe paralysis is a classic clinical sign of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) deficiency in young chicks. The deficiency affects the sciatic nerve, leading to the characteristic inward curling of the toes.

\textit{Streptococcus agalactiae} and \textit{Streptococcus uberis} are well-known bacterial pathogens that cause mastitis, which is the inflammation of the mammary gland or udder in dairy cattle and other mammals. It is one of the most common and costly diseases in the dairy industry.

Let's analyze the statements:

A is False. "Panting" is a term sometimes used for the heart condition in FMD survivors, but the characteristic sequela is lameness, not panting.
B is True. Hydrophobia, or fear of water, is a classic clinical sign of Rabies in humans, caused by painful spasms of the throat muscles when trying to swallow.
C is True. Penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis.
D is True. The presence of "zebra markings" (streaks of congestion and hemorrhage) in the rectum and large intestine is a pathognomonic (specifically characteristic) post-mortem finding for Rinderpest.
Therefore, statements B, C, and D are correct.

Fowl Cholera is a contagious and often fatal bacterial disease of poultry and other birds. It is caused by the bacterium \textit{Pasteurella multocida}. The other options are species of Salmonella which cause different diseases (Pullorum disease, Fowl Typhoid, and Salmonellosis, respectively).

Milk fever, or parturient paresis, is a metabolic disorder, not an infectious disease. It is caused by a temporary low level of calcium in the blood (hypocalcemia) that occurs around the time of calving in dairy cows. Rabies (viral), Listeriosis (bacterial), and Trichomoniasis (protozoal) are all infectious diseases caused by specific pathogens.