Molecular Biology

The protein content in an E.coli cell constitutes approximately 15% of the total weight of the cell. Proteins are critical for cellular functions such as enzymatic activity and structural integrity, representing a substantial part of the cell’s composition.

In 2014, researchers introduced two synthetic nucleotides, X and Y, to expand the genetic alphabet of DNA. This addition allows for the incorporation of artificial base pairs into DNA strands, advancing synthetic biology applications.