Cipher

In Playfair cipher, if two identical letters appear in the same pair, a filler letter, typically 'x', is added to separate the repeated letters. This ensures the letters are distinct for encryption. Final Answer:

The rail fence cipher works by writing the plain text in a zigzag pattern on a number of rails (depth), then reading it off row by row. For depth 2, we divide the message into two rails: Reading off row by row, we get the encrypted message: Final Answer: