Sanskrit Grammar

Step 1: About Bhartrihari.
Bhartrihari was a celebrated Sanskrit grammarian, philosopher, and poet. He is famous for his works on linguistics and moral-philosophical poetry.
Step 2: Vakyapadiyam.
This is Bhartrihari’s renowned treatise on the philosophy of language, dealing with grammar and semantics.
Step 3: Nitishatakam.
This is one of Bhartrihari’s three shatakatrayas (hundreds of verses), focusing on morality and ethics. Hence, it belongs to Bhartrihari.
Step 4: Exclusion of other works.
- Buddhacharitram was written by Ashvaghosha, not Bhartrihari.
- Dasarupakam was written by Dhananjaya.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct works of Bhartrihari are Vakyapadiyam and Nitishatakam.

Step 1: Meaning of Megha.
Megha is a Sanskrit word meaning “cloud,” and it has several synonyms in classical texts.
Step 2: Checking the options.
- Hiraṇyavakṣaḥ (A): Literally means “golden-chested,” not used for clouds.
- Avataḥ (B): A valid synonym for cloud.
- Pavakaḥ (C): Means “fire,” opposite of cloud, not correct.
- Saṁvartaḥ (D): Another synonym for cloud, meaning gathering or spreading cloud.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the two synonyms of Megha are Avataḥ and Saṁvartaḥ.

Step 1: Understanding the root (Prakriti).
The root word (Prakriti) here is "Drish," which means "to see" or "vision." It is the dhatu that gives rise to the meaning of seeing or perception.
Step 2: Understanding the suffix (Pratyaya).
The suffix applied is "Lyut." The Lyut suffix is commonly used to form abstract nouns, often denoting the act, process, or result of the root verb.
Step 3: Application in the given word.
By applying Lyut to the root Drish, the word becomes "Darshanam," which literally means "the act of seeing" or "vision." This is a standard grammatical derivation.
Step 4: Elimination of wrong options.
- Option (1) Drish + Pratul: This does not form the word Darshanam.
- Option (3) Drish + Kta: This would yield "Drishta" (seen), not Darshanam.
- Option (4) Drish + Anach: This does not apply here.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct derivation of Darshanam is Drish + Lyut.

Step 1: Understanding Munitraya.
The term Munitraya in Vyakarana Shastra refers to the three great sages of grammar.
They are Paninih, Katyayanah, and Patanjalih.
Together, they shaped Sanskrit grammar as we know it.
Step 2: Role of each sage.
- Paninih: Composed the Ashtadhyayi, the foundational text of grammar.
- Katyayanah: Wrote the Vartikas, explanatory notes on Panini's sutras.
- Patanjalih: Authored the Mahabhashya, a detailed commentary.
Step 3: Analysis of options.
- Jaiminih: Philosopher of Purva Mimamsa, not connected with Vyakarana Shastra.
- Katyayanah: Part of Munitraya.
- Patanjalih: Part of Munitraya.
- Paninih: Part of Munitraya.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, Jaiminih is not included in Munitraya of Vyakarana Shastra.

Step 1: About Vakyapadiya.
The Vakyapadiya is a famous work on the philosophy of language and grammar.
It belongs to the school of sphota theory, which emphasizes the unity of meaning in speech.
Step 2: Author identification.
The author of this work is Bhartriharih, a renowned Sanskrit grammarian and philosopher.
He explained how words and sentences convey meaning through the concept of 'sphota'.
Step 3: Eliminating other options.
- Patanjalih: Known for the Mahabhashya, not Vakyapadiya.
- Nagojibbhattah: A later commentator, not the original author.
- Paninih: Author of Ashtadhyayi, not Vakyapadiya.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the author of Vakyapadiya is Bhartriharih.