Khasi Literature

Step 1: About Primrose Gatphoh:
Primrose Gatphoh is one of the noted figures in Khasi literature and culture. Her birth date is often referenced in literary history to mark significant contributions in the field of Khasi poetry and cultural preservation.
Step 2: Explanation:
According to literary records, Primrose Gatphoh was born in the month of Jymmang (May) in the year 1900. This period marked the beginning of her association with the Khasi cultural and literary revival.
Step 3: Final Conclusion:
The correct answer is (1) Jymmang, 1900, which is the month and year of her birth.

Step 1: Understanding the text.
Ka “Ka Jingiaid u Pilgrim” ka pyni ïa ka jingim u Khristan uba ïaid lyngba ka jingeh ban poi sha ka jingpynim.
Step 2: Order of the dream.
- A. U Khristan u phai noh na la iing kum ka dak ban shim ïa ka jingkitkhlieh bakhuid.
- B. U bat ka kitab ha la kti kum ka jingshai jong ka jingshisha.
- D. U ïohi ïa u briew ba la kup da ki jaiñ jot kum ka jingpynpaw ba u don ha ka jingpop.
- C. U don ka jingkbit kaba heh ha la ka met kum ka jingpynpaw ka jingpop jong u.
- E. U pledi ïa kata ka kitab bad u pule – ban wad ïa ka jingshai bakhuid.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Ka jingpynïaid kaba dei ka long – A, B, D, C, E.

Step 1: Background.
Ha ka hima Khyrim, ka lehniam pynskhem ïa ka Longsyiem ka long ka jingkordor tynrai kaba pynpaw ïa ka bor bad ka jingshakri jong u Lyngdoh.
Step 2: Sequence of steps.
- D. Shim um na u luta ksiar bad synerit halor ka khlieh.
- E. Shim khaw khyndiat na ka kti ka syiem Sad bad buh halor ka khlieh.
- B. Buh kti baroh ar halor ka khlieh u nongmih pateng.
- C. Shim jingspong kaba la spong lypa bad buh halor ka khlieh.
- A. Pyndeng piengsiar ha ka ryngdeng kum ka dak jong ka jinglong syiem.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Ka lehniam kaba biang ka long: D, E, B, C, A.

Step 1: Understanding F. M. Pugh’s view.
U F. M. Pugh u la batai shaphang ka sawangka kum ka rukom pynpaw ïa ka jingim bad jinglong briew.
Hynrei u la ïeng pyrshah ïa ka jingpyni ba khlem jingmut bad khlem jingpynlong jingmut.
Step 2: Analysis of the options.
- A. Pugh u pyrshah ïa ka jingpynlong sawangka ban shu pyni ïalehkai khlem jingpynbha – **Correct**.
- B. U pynpaw ba ka jingpyni kaba biang ka dei ban ïadei bad ka jingim briew man la ka sngi – **Correct**.
- C. Kam pat dei ka bynta kaba pynpaw ïa ka jingpyrshah jong u – **Incorrect**.
- D. Ka jingpyni kaba tang da katto katne briew ha ryngkat ka jingpyrkhat – **Correct**.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Kine ki bynta kiba dei bad ka jingsngew pyrshah jong u Pugh ki long A, B, D.

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question refers to the staging (pynïalehkai) of the play "Ka Romily," an important work in Khasi cultural and literary history. It asks which organization performed or presented this play.
Step 2: Explanation:
"Ka Romily" is a Khasi drama that was staged by Seng Khasi, a socio-cultural organization founded to preserve and promote Khasi traditions, religion, and culture. Through such dramatic performances, Seng Khasi aimed to strengthen Khasi identity and cultural expression during a period of growing Western influence.
Step 3: Significance:
The play "Ka Romily" reflected themes of moral values, cultural identity, and community unity — central to the objectives of Seng Khasi. This association played a key role in using literature and performance as tools for cultural preservation.
Step 4: Final Conclusion:
The correct answer is (3) Seng Khasi, as it was the organization responsible for staging "Ka Romily."

Step 1: Understanding the context.
This is a matching-type question combining literary works and their respective themes or stories.
Each item from LIST I refers to a specific literary work or symbolic phrase, and LIST II contains its related content or connection.
Step 2: Explanation of each pair.
- Sarong khraw jaid: Refers to “Ka jingiaid u Pilgrim,” symbolizing a noble journey of moral and spiritual purpose.
- Islington: Linked with “U Androklis bad u Sing,” representing the famous act of kindness and courage.
- Bakyrmen: Connected to “John Gilpin,” known for humor and misadventure in classic literature.
- Rangbah shipash: Relates to “Ka Jingiam briew ha u lum jingtep iingmane,” symbolizing reflection and ancestral reverence.
Step 3: Correct matching.
A - IV (Sarong khraw jaid – Ka jingiaid u Pilgrim)
B - I (Islington – U Androklis bad u Sing)
C - III (Bakyrmen – John Gilpin)
D - II (Rangbah shipash – Ka Jingiam briew ha u lum jingtep iingmane)
Step 4: Elimination of wrong options.
Options (1), (2), and (3) mismatch key literary connections and themes.
Only option (4) accurately reflects the thematic and textual relationship between the works.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is (4) A - IV, B - I, C - III, D - II.

Step 1: Context of the quotation.
This line is taken from the play “Androcles and the Lion” written by George Bernard Shaw.
The play explores themes of faith, courage, and the moral strength of Christian believers during Roman persecution.
The speaker challenges the believers about their conviction and bravery in facing trials for their faith.
Step 2: About Ferrovius.
Ferrovius is one of the main characters in the play.
He is depicted as a fierce and strong Christian convert who struggles between his violent nature and his religious faith.
He represents the moral conflict between human aggression and the peace preached by Christianity.
In this scene, Ferrovius addresses fellow Christians who fear being thrown to lions in the arena.
Through this quote, he urges them to remain steadfast, questioning their willingness to endure suffering for their beliefs.
Step 3: Meaning of the statement.
When Ferrovius says, “Nga ong, Khristan bhabri ew, phi pynshah ne em sa kawei ka ngab haba ki doh ïa phi?”, he is essentially challenging the courage of believers.
He mocks their hesitation and reminds them that faith must be proven through endurance and action, not mere words.
This scene symbolizes the internal and external trials faced by early Christians.
Step 4: Elimination of incorrect options.
- (1) Metellus — a Roman senator in the story, not associated with Christian faith.
- (2) Lentulus — another Roman character, but not the speaker of this moral challenge.
- (4) Captain — a military officer, unrelated to the quote’s philosophical tone.
- (3) Ferrovius — correct, as he is the Christian warrior who speaks this line passionately to test the faith of others.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is (3) Ferrovius, who delivers this line to inspire courage and faith among fellow Christians in Shaw’s play.

Step 1: Understanding the question.
This question refers to the tributaries (shnat wah) — smaller rivers that join or branch out from a main river.
It is based on Khasi geography and the study of natural landmarks mentioned in Khasi literature.
Step 2: About Wah Myntdu.
Wah Myntdu is one of the most important rivers in the Jaintia Hills region.
It flows near Jowai and is known for its connection with various local streams and sub-tributaries.
The five tributaries mentioned — Dwara, Umtang, Kumarjani, Prasbiria, and Umtarsa — all originate from or merge into Wah Myntdu.
Step 3: Elimination of incorrect options.
- (1) Wah Umngot — famous for its crystal-clear water near Dawki but not linked with these five tributaries.
- (3) Wah Umïew — another major river but unrelated to these specific sub-streams.
- (4) Umiām Khwan — associated with Umiam reservoir near Shillong, not Jaintia region.
Thus, the correct main river is Wah Myntdu.
Step 4: Cultural and geographical importance.
In Khasi geography and folklore, Wah Myntdu represents life, fertility, and natural harmony.
It supports agricultural and cultural practices of the Jaintia community.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Therefore, the five tributaries mentioned belong to the river Wah Myntdu.

Step 1: About the play.
“U Raikut” ka dei ka sawangka kaba la thoh da ka Streamlet Dkhar kaba pyni ïa ka jingim jong ki briew bad ka jingduh jingmut kaba mih na ka jingdih kiad.
Step 2: Analysis of options.
- A. Ka don hynniew tylli ki Act – **Correct**.
- B. Ka pyni ïa ka jingsniew jong ka kiad – **Correct**.
- C. U Mon kum u pion ha Bank – **Incorrect**, kam dei ka bynta jong kane ka sawangka.
- D. U Mlutot u dei u paralok jong u Ngaid – **Correct**.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Ka jubab kaba dei ka long – A, B, D.