Electronic Devices

- Channel length modulation is associated with MOSFETs.
- Channel width modulation is related to BJTs.
- Early effect is observed in BJTs.
- Tunneling effect occurs in MOSFETs.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Formula.
.
Here, .

Step 2: Substitute values.

.

Final Answer:

The 8085 microprocessor is a 40-pin Integrated Circuit (IC) and has a memory size of 64 KB. Its clock frequency typically ranges from 3 to 5 MHz, which was common for microprocessors of that era. However, the 8085 has an 8-bit data bus and a 16-bit address bus, not a 16-bit data and address bus as stated in option (D). Therefore, option (D) is incorrect.
Final Answer:

All statements about tunnel diodes, stability factor, operational amplifier, and biasing are correct.
Hence, all are true.
Final Answer:

Step 1: TRAP Interrupt Address.
In microprocessor architecture, the TRAP interrupt is assigned the vector address of 003C H.
Final Answer:

Step 1: Understand the Y-parameters.
The Y-parameters are defined by the following equations: We can solve for and using the given circuit values.
Step 2: Apply the given circuit parameters.
After solving for the Y-parameters using the node analysis method, we find:
Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding the data bus status signals.
- Memory read corresponds to the signal (I) 0, 1, 1.
- Op-code fetch corresponds to the signal (II) 0, 1, 0.
- INTR acknowledge corresponds to the signal (III) 0, 0, 1.
- Memory write corresponds to the signal (IV) 1, 1, 1.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding the word length of a microprocessor.
An 8-bit microprocessor has a word length of 8 bits, meaning it processes 8 bits of data in one operation.
Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding hysteresis.
Hysteresis refers to the phenomenon where the response of a system depends not only on its current state but also on its past states. In measurements, this means that the data output may vary when measurements are repeated in different directions.

Step 2: Conclusion.
Among the given options, hysteresis is the phenomenon where measurements can be inconsistent based on the scanning direction, making it the correct answer.
Final Answer:

- Base width reduces → Early effect.
- reduce.
- Emitter injection efficiency may increase.
So correct: (A), (B), (C).
Final Answer:

- CE → High power gain.
- CB → High frequency response.
- CC → Voltage buffer.
- Darlington → High current gain.
Thus (A)–(III), (B)–(IV), (C)–(I), (D)–(II).
Final Answer:

Concept:
In nanoscale measurement techniques such as Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) or Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), certain physical effects can cause the measured signal to depend on the direction in which the probe scans the surface.
Step 1:Understanding hysteresis.
Hysteresis refers to the phenomenon where the response of a system depends on its previous history. In scanning systems, this means the output signal may vary depending on whether the probe scans forward or backward.
Step 2:Effect on recorded data.
Because of hysteresis in piezoelectric scanners or other system components, the recorded data may not be identical when scanning the same region from opposite directions.
Step 3:Impact in nanoscale measurements.
This leads to the inability to reproduce identical data when scanning from different directions, which is a characteristic symptom of hysteresis effects in measurement systems. Conclusion:
Therefore, the property describing the inability to repeat recorded data when scanning from different directions is hysteresis.

Concept:
The word length of a microprocessor refers to the number of bits it can process or handle simultaneously in a single operation.
Step 1:Understanding the 8085 microprocessor.
The Intel 8085 is an early microprocessor widely used in microprocessor-based systems and educational applications.
Step 2:Data handling capability.
The 8085 microprocessor can process 8 bits of data at a time. Therefore, its word length is 8 bits.
Step 3:Additional characteristics.}

• 16-bit address bus
• 8-bit data bus
• Maximum addressing capability of 64 KB memory

Conclusion:
Thus, the word length of a standard 8085 microprocessor is 8-bit.