Loom Shed

Step 1: Recall loom parts.
- The reed is a comb-like device made of metal strips fixed in a frame.
- It is positioned between the heddles and the cloth beam.
Step 2: Functions of the reed.
The reed performs three functions:
1. It pushes the weft yarn into place after each pick.
2. It maintains warp yarn spacing.
3. It guides the shuttle carrying weft across the loom.
Step 3: Option analysis.
- (A) Reed: Correct, comb-like device controlling yarn spacing.
- (B) Warp: Refers to lengthwise yarns, not a device.
- (C) Shuttle: Device carrying weft yarn, not comb-like.
- (D) Lease Rods: Maintain warp order, but not comb-like.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the comb-like device described is the Reed.

Step 1: Understanding Shuttle Looms.
Shuttle looms are one of the oldest and most traditional weaving devices.
They work by passing a shuttle containing the weft thread back and forth through the warp threads.
Because of this traditional method, shuttle looms are usually referred to as Handlooms.
Hence, A III.
Step 2: Understanding Shuttle Less Looms.
Modern technology has given rise to shuttle-less looms, which are much faster.
Examples include Rapier looms, Projectile looms, and Air-jet looms.
Among these, Rapier looms are the most common shuttle-less looms.
Therefore, B I.
Step 3: Understanding Back Strap Looms.
The back strap loom is a simple, portable loom traditionally used in many Asian and Latin American countries.
It consists of sticks and a strap worn around the weaver’s back.
It usually employs a simple weaving mechanism, such as the Rigid Heddle.
Hence, C II.
Step 4: Understanding Vertical Looms.
Vertical looms are mostly associated with carpet weaving.
They allow knots to be tied in a vertical position, making them perfect for producing Hand Knotted Carpets.
Therefore, D IV.
Step 5: Final Matching.
A - III, B - I, C - II, D - IV.

Step 1: Importance of starting weaves.
At the start of weaving, warp threads need to be aligned and gaps closed where they were tied. This prevents distortion in the fabric.
Step 2: Function of heading.
Heading is the short section of plain weave woven at the beginning to distribute warp ends evenly and secure the weaving. Without heading, the fabric edges may remain unstable.
Step 3: Other options.
- Beating is pushing the weft into place.
- Drawing means passing threads through heddles.
- Threading is preparing warps.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct answer is Heading.

Step 1: Context.
The Government of India established Institutes of Handloom Technology to train manpower and promote research in handloom weaving.
Step 2: Year of establishment.
The first of these institutes were set up in 1956 at Varanasi and Salem.
Later, more institutes were added in Guwahati, Bargarh, and Kannur.
Step 3: Option analysis.
- (A) 1952: Too early, before the planned expansion of handloom education.
- (B) 1955: Incorrect, no institutes yet.
- (C) 1956: Correct, the first IHTs started this year.
- (D) 1960: Too late.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, Institutes of Handloom Technology were established in 1956.

Step 1: Understanding HEPC.
The HEPC is a nodal agency under the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, established to promote exports of handloom products worldwide.
Step 2: Breaking down the name.
- "Handloom Export" shows the focus on exporting Indian handloom goods.
- "Promotion Council" indicates its primary role in promoting, supporting, and boosting exports.
Step 3: Option analysis.
- (A) Handloom Export Promotion Council: Correct full form of HEPC.
- (B) Handloom Expo Product Council: Incorrect wording, not the official name.
- (C) Handloom Export Promote Council: Grammatically incorrect, not used officially.
- (D) Handloom Export Product Council: Wrong expansion, does not denote promotion role.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct full form of HEPC is Handloom Export Promotion Council.