Religion And Philosophy Of Ancient India

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks to attribute a famous spiritual quote to its originator.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The quote, "Sachahu orai sabh ko upari sachu acharu," translates to "Truth is higher than everything else, but higher still is truthful conduct/living."
This is a revered and fundamental teaching in Sikhism. It is a line from the sacred scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib, and is attributed to the first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji. It emphasizes that simply knowing the truth is not enough; one must live truthfully.
The other options are incorrect:
2. Buddha: Emphasized the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
3. Mahavira: Emphasized the principles of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Anekantavada (many-sidedness of reality).
4. Tulsidasa: A great poet and author of the Ramcharitmanas, whose teachings revolve around devotion to Lord Rama.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The quote is a core teaching of Guru Nanak and is found in Sikh scriptures. Therefore, option (1) is the correct answer.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the philosophical system where compassion and friendliness are the primary ethical virtues.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's examine the core virtues of each philosophy:
1. Buddhism: Two of the most central concepts in Buddhist ethics are \textit{Karuṇā} and \textit{Mettā}. \textit{Karuṇā} is deep compassion for all suffering beings, and \textit{Mettā} is loving-kindness or friendliness towards all beings. These are two of the four "Brahmavihāras" (sublime states) and are fundamental to the Buddhist path. This is a perfect match.
2. Jainism: The paramount virtue in Jainism is \textit{Ahiṃsā} (non-violence) in thought, word, and deed. While compassion is a part of this, the core emphasis is on non-harm.
3. Sikhism: Key virtues include selfless service (\textit{Sevā}), truthfulness (\textit{Sat}), contentment (\textit{Santokh}), and compassion (\textit{Dayā}). While compassion is important, it is part of a larger set of core principles.
4. Christianism (Christianity): The three theological virtues are Faith, Hope, and Love (\textit{Agape}). Love is central, but the pairing of "compassion and friendliness" is most characteristic of Buddhist terminology.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The philosophy that most explicitly and centrally propounds compassion (Karuṇā) and friendliness (Mettā) as its most important ethical virtues is Buddhism.