Distance And Angle Measurement

The histogram equalization applied to a digital image generally DOES NOT yield a truly uniform histogram of the transformed image due to

In tangential method of tacheometry, two vanes in a staff were fixed at a distance of 1.0 m with the bottom vane fixed at 1.0 m. The levelling staff was held vertical at a point P and the vertical angles of the vanes observed were 5°30′ and 3°15', respectively. The vertical distance between the instrument axis and the bottom vane would be _______ m (rounded off to two decimal places).

To reduce the slope distance (S) to an equivalent horizontal distance (H) as shown in the figure given below, the following independent observations were taken.

The required precision of computed horizontal distance is ± 0.005 m. Assume a "balanced accuracy" where the contribution to precision of the horizontal distance comes equally from the slope distance and angle measurements. The minimum number of angle observations to achieve the desired precision is
(Given 1 radian = 206265 seconds)

Independent angles AOB, BOC and AOC were observed as shown in figure. The standard error of all observations is same. The adjusted values of these angles using the least squares adjustment are

In the figure, are three independently measured distances for estimating the unknown distances x and y. The correlation coefficient between the unknown estimates approximately equals to

An angle is observed independently twice, and the values are as follows:
60°30'10" ± 10"
60°30′20′′ ± 20"
The most probable value (MPV) of the angle is

Which of the following is NOT a derivative of digital elevation model (DEM)?