Permutation And Combination

First, without any restrictions, there are 4 people (P, Q, R, S) and the total number of ways to arrange them in a row is: Now, we apply the restriction that R should not be seated at the second position. The number of ways in which R can be seated in the second position is: Thus, the number of seating arrangements where R is not seated at the second position is: The correct answer is (B) 9, as there are 9 valid seating arrangements where R is not in the second position.
Final Answer: 18