Principles Of Microscopy

Step 1: Recall the principle of DIC microscopy.
Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski microscopy, enhances contrast in unstained, transparent samples by using polarized light and optical gradients.
Step 2: Compare with other microscopic methods.
- Phase contrast microscopy (C): Converts phase shifts into brightness differences but does not give 3D visualization.
- Confocal microscopy (A): Produces 3D images but usually requires staining and fluorescent dyes.
- Fluorescence microscopy (B): Also requires fluorophores and does not visualize unstained live specimens clearly.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Hence, DIC (Nomarski) microscopy provides a pseudo 3D appearance of live, transparent specimens without staining.

Step 1: Recall the formula for total magnification.
Step 2: Substitute given values.
Step 3: Conclusion.