Solutions

The depression in freezing point (ΔTf) of a solution is given by the formula:

ΔTf = i * Kf * m

where:

• i is the van't Hoff factor
• Kf is the molal freezing point depression constant (same for both solutions here)
• m is the molality of the solution

For nonelectrolyte solutions like glucose, which do not dissociate in water, the van’t Hoff factor i = 1. Thus, for a 0.01 M glucose solution:

ΔTf (glucose) = 1 * Kf * 0.01

MgCl₂, however, dissociates into three ions in solution (Mg²⁺ and 2 Cl^-), so the van’t Hoff factor i = 3. For a 0.01 M MgCl₂ solution:

ΔTf (MgCl₂) = 3 * Kf * 0.01

Thus, the depression in freezing point for MgCl₂ is three times that of the glucose solution:

ΔTf (MgCl₂) = 3 * ΔTf (glucose)

Therefore, the correct answer is: About three times.

An emulsion is a type of mixture that consists of two immiscible liquids, where one liquid is dispersed in the other in the form of small droplets. Typically, emulsions are classified based on the dispersion of the liquid droplets. The two basic types of emulsions are:

• Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion: Oil droplets are dispersed in a continuous water phase.
• Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion: Water droplets are dispersed in a continuous oil phase.

Emulsions are stabilized by substances known as emulsifiers, which reduce the surface tension between the liquids, allowing them to remain mixed without separating. Common examples of emulsions include milk (O/W emulsion) and butter (W/O emulsion).

The correct answer to the question "An emulsion consists of" is: Two liquids