Osmosis

Step 1: The osmotic pressure ( ) is related to molarity ( ) using the formula: where L atm mol K and K. Step 2: Molarity is given by: Substituting values, Step 3: Now, solving for ,

Step 1: Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the number of dissolved particles in a solution. Electrolytes dissociate into multiple ions, increasing the number of solute particles in solution. Gold solution is a colloidal solution and has the lowest osmotic pressure as it contains fewer dissolved ions compared to ionic compounds like potassium chloride or magnesium chloride.