Foundations And Evolution Of Planning

**1. Finance Commission:** Deals with the distribution of tax revenue between the central government and states, not overall national planning. **2. National Development Council (NDC):** This was the apex body for planning at the national level. It is used to formulate and review India's five-year plans. **3. Union Ministry of Rural Development:** Implements specific development schemes related to rural areas, not national-level planning. **4. Union Ministry of Urban Development:** Implements specific development schemes related to urban areas, not national-level planning. **5. Parliament:** While not directly involved in day-to-day planning, the Parliament is used to approve the five-year plans formulated by the NDC. Additionally, Members of Parliament (MPs) can utilize funds allocated for their constituencies through MPLADS (Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme), which contributes to local-level planning.

The aim of the 12th Five Year plan is to achieve 'faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth'. For this purpose, it seeks to achieve: - 4% growth in the agriculture sector - 10% in the manufacturing sector The total budget of the 12th Five Year plan has been estimated at Rs.47.7 lakh crore which is 135 percent more than that for the 11th Five year Plan (2007-12).

* Derived from Russia, India used the concept of the Five-Year Plan for economic planning. * With the first five-year plan launched in 1951, India now has a total of 12 such plans. However, the practice was called off in 2017 by the Narendra Modi-led NDA government. * The Second Plan focused on the industrial development of the country and stressed capital goods industries. * The Fourth Plan was focused on growth with stability and progressive achievement of self-reliance. The plan focused on eliminating poverty with the slogan of Garibi Hatao given during the 1971 elections by Indira Gandhi. * The Fifth Plan gave top priority to agriculture, employment, and poverty alleviation.