Measurement Causes Impacts And Policy

**Statement 1 is correct:** The 2018 Amendment expanded Fixed-Term Employment (FTE) to all sectors. FTE allows an employer to hire a worker for a fixed period via a written contract. A key feature of FTE is that the "termination of service of the workman as a result of non-renewal of the contract" does not amount to retrenchment. Since retrenchment procedures (under the Industrial Disputes Act) are the primary hurdle to laying off workers in India, FTE makes it significantly easier for firms to reduce their workforce. **Statement 2 is correct:** Under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Central Rules, a temporary workman is defined as a person engaged for work which is of an essentially temporary nature. The rules explicitly state that no notice of termination of employment shall be necessary for such a workman. Furthermore, for Fixed-Term workers, the 2018 rules specify that no notice is required if the employment ends due to the expiry of the contract.

In India, the primary agency responsible for compiling information on industrial disputes, closures, retrenchments, and lay-offs in factories employing workers is the Labour Bureau The Labour Bureau is an attached office of the Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India. It plays a crucial role in collecting, compiling, and disseminating labor statistics across various aspects, including industrial relations.