Logical Reasoning

Step 1: Understanding the Problem
In coding-decoding questions, each letter in a word is often replaced by another letter based on a specific pattern or rule. Here, "APPLE" (a 5-letter word) is coded as "BQQMF" (also 5 letters), suggesting that each letter of "APPLE" has been substituted with a corresponding letter in "BQQMF." Our task is to identify the pattern and apply it to "MANGO."

Step 2: Analyzing the Given Example
Let’s break down "APPLE" and "BQQMF" by comparing each position:

• A (1st letter of APPLE) → B (1st letter of BQQMF)
• P (2nd letter of APPLE) → Q (2nd letter of BQQMF)
• P (3rd letter of APPLE) → Q (3rd letter of BQQMF)
• L (4th letter of APPLE) → M (4th letter of BQQMF)
• E (5th letter of APPLE) → F (5th letter of BQQMF)

Now, let’s look for a pattern. One common technique in coding-decoding is to shift each letter by a fixed number of positions in the alphabet (e.g., Caesar cipher). Let’s check the shift for each letter:

• A (1st position in alphabet) → B (2nd position) = Shift of +1
• P (16th position) → Q (17th position) = Shift of +1
• P (16th position) → Q (17th position) = Shift of +1
• L (12th position) → M (13th position) = Shift of +1
• E (5th position) → F (6th position) = Shift of +1

The shift is consistently +1 for every letter. This means the code rule is to move each letter forward by one position in the alphabet (A becomes B, B becomes C, ..., Z becomes A if it wraps around, but here it doesn’t since we’re within the alphabet).

Step 3: Verifying the Pattern
To ensure this is the correct rule, let’s test it. If we apply a +1 shift to "APPLE":

• A → B
• P → Q
• P → Q
• L → M
• E → F

This matches "BQQMF" perfectly! The pattern holds true, so the coding rule is indeed to shift each letter forward by 1 position.

Step 4: Applying the Rule to "MANGO"
Now, let’s encode "MANGO" using the same +1 shift rule. We’ll convert each letter step by step:

• M (13th position) → N (14th position)
• A (1st position) → B (2nd position)
• N (14th position) → O (15th position)
• G (7th position) → H (8th position)
• O (15th position) → P (16th position)

So, "MANGO" becomes "NBOHP."

Step 5: Final Answer
After applying the consistent +1 shift rule, the coded form of "MANGO" is NBOHP.

Tips for Solving Coding-Decoding Problems

• Look for Patterns: Check if the shift is the same for all letters or if it varies.
• Use the Alphabet: Write out the alphabet (A to Z) to track positions and shifts easily.
• Practice: Try encoding other words with the same rule to build confidence.
• Double-Check: Verify your answer by reversing the process if possible.