Chemical Reactions

With benzene sulphonyl chloride (Hinsberg reagent) amine forms -alkyl benzene sulphonamide, soluble in alkali.

This reaction is an example of cross-aldol condensation

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophiiic substitution reactions because bond in them has double bond character due to conjugation between lone pair of halogenand benzene.
Due to this following resonating structures are formed.
Due to presence of such double bond character aryl halides show nucleophiiic
substitution reactions with difficulty.
However, aryl halides can be made to undergo
nucleophiiic substitution by the presence of electron withdrawing groups (such as ) at the o and p-positions to the nuclear halogen,
But in the presence of electron donatinggroups (such as ) at o or p-position, it is very difficult to show nucleophiiicsubstitution reaction.
Therefore, is least reactive towards nucleophiiic substitution reaction.

The carbocation formed in the reaction has a plane of symmetry, which means that it is a chiral. The structure of the carbocation results because the carbon in the alkyl halide is changing from hybridisation to hybridisation as the halide anion departs. Instead of one single s and three p orbitals of the excited state of carbon hybridising to form four hybrid orbitals (tetrahedral hybridisation), as in the starting alkyl halide, the single and two p orbitals hybridise to form three hybrid orbitals (trigonal

In reaction, the carbocation formation is a slow step. The carbocation formed is a planar, species containing -hybridised carbon atom, electron deficient and an empty -orbital.