Grammar And Language Usage

Step 1: Identify the tense.
The helping verb “has” indicates the present perfect tense. In this tense, the structure is: has/have + past participle (V3)
Step 2: Choose the correct verb form.
The past participle form of “appear” is “appeared.” Therefore, “has appeared” is correct.
Step 3: Analyze the options.
- (a) appears: Simple present tense — incorrect.
- (b) will have appeared: Future perfect tense — incorrect.
- (c) appearing: Present participle — incorrect form.
- (d) appeared: Past participle — correct form to follow “has.”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“The moon has not yet appeared.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is (d) appeared.

Step 1: Understanding the rule of articles.
Definite articles like “the” are used before the names of mountain ranges, rivers, seas, and groups of islands to specify them uniquely.
Step 2: Apply the rule.
“The Alps” refers to a specific and well-known mountain range in Europe, hence it must take the definite article “the.”
Step 3: Analyze the options.
- (a) A: Used with singular countable nouns, not suitable for plural proper nouns like “Alps.”
- (b) An: Used before vowel sounds, not applicable here.
- (c) The: Correct; definite article used for famous ranges or landmarks.
- (d) No article: Incorrect; article omission would make the sentence incomplete.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“The Alps are the longest mountain range in Europe.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct article is “The.”

Step 1: Understanding the structure.
The sentence is in the past modal form, expressing possibility or uncertainty about a past event. For this, we use “might have + past participle (V3).”
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) What might have happened to the boy? — Correct; follows the rule “might have + V3.”
- (b) What might has happened... — Incorrect; “might” is a modal and cannot be followed by “has.”
- (c) What might has happening... — Grammatically wrong; incorrect tense.
- (d) What may has happened... — Incorrect; same error with “has” after a modal.
Step 3: Grammar Rule.
Modals such as “might,” “could,” and “may” are always followed by a base verb or “have + past participle” form when referring to the past.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“What might have happened to the boy?” correctly expresses speculation about a past event.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, option (a) is grammatically correct.

Step 1: Understanding narration conversion.
The given sentence “He requested me to keep the door open” is in indirect speech. To change it into direct speech, we reverse the process — replacing “requested me to” with “said to me, ‘Please…’”
Step 2: Identifying the reporting verb.
The reporting verb “requested” corresponds to a polite request in direct speech using “Please.”
Step 3: Analyzing the options.
- (a) He said to me, "Please keep the door open." — Correct; expresses a polite request.
- (b) He says... — Incorrect tense (present).
- (c) He will say... — Incorrect future tense.
- (d) He said... "Do not keep..." — Opposite meaning (negative command).
Step 4: Grammar note.
Indirect: “requested me to…” → Direct: “said to me, ‘Please…’”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct direct speech form is “He said to me, ‘Please keep the door open.’”

Step 1: Understanding the concept.
This is a question tag, which is a short question added to the end of a statement for confirmation. The rule is that if the main sentence is positive, the tag must be negative.
Step 2: Grammar rule for question tags.
Structure: Auxiliary verb + subject (pronoun)
If the main clause uses “will,” the tag uses “won’t.”
Step 3: Analyze the sentence.
The statement “They will wash the car” is positive. Hence, the tag should be negative → “won’t they?”
Step 4: Analyze the options.
- (a) will it: Wrong; subject mismatch (should be “they”).
- (b) won’t they: Correct; matches subject and verb polarity.
- (c) wouldn’t they: Incorrect tense.
- (d) couldn’t they: Incorrect auxiliary verb.
Step 5: Constructing the complete sentence.
“They will wash the car, won’t they?”
Step 6: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct question tag is “won’t they.”

Step 1: Understanding the phrase.
The phrase “on duty” means actively working or engaged in one’s official responsibility. The correct preposition with “duty” is “on.”
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) to: Incorrect; not used with “duty.”
- (b) on: Correct; standard phrase “on duty.”
- (c) for: Incorrect; used for purpose, not state.
- (d) at: Incorrect; used for location, not activity.
Step 3: Constructing the correct sentence.
“There were several policemen on duty.”
Step 4: Grammar Rule.
Common prepositional phrases include “on duty,” “on leave,” “at work,” “in office.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct preposition is “on.”

Step 1: Understanding the helping verb “Did.”
When a question begins with “Did,” it is in the simple past tense. After “Did,” the main verb must always appear in its base form (V1), not in the past or continuous form.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) choosing: Present participle — incorrect.
- (b) choose: Base form (V1) — correct form after “Did.”
- (c) chooses: Present tense (used with singular subjects) — incorrect.
- (d) chose: Past tense (V2) — incorrect because “Did” already makes the verb past.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
Structure: “Did + subject + base form (V1).”
Example: “Did you go?” / “Did he play?”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“Did you choose this colour?”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct option is (b) choose.

Step 1: Understanding the meaning of “stagnant.”
“Stagnant” means not moving, inactive, or showing no development or flow — often used for water or situations that remain unchanged.
Step 2: Finding the opposite meaning.
The opposite of “stagnant” would mean something that moves, flows, or changes — that is, “mobile.”
Step 3: Analyzing the options.
- (a) Progress: Refers to development, but not the direct antonym in all contexts.
- (b) Static: Means motionless — synonym, not antonym.
- (c) Mobile: Means movable or capable of motion — correct antonym.
- (d) Affluent: Means wealthy — unrelated meaning.
Step 4: Contextual example.
- Stagnant water → still water.
- Mobile water → flowing or moving water.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, “Mobile” is the correct antonym of “Stagnant.”

Step 1: Understanding sentence transformation.
An assertive sentence makes a statement (affirmative or negative). To convert an interrogative sentence (“Has anyone seen the wind?”) into an assertive one, we remove the question form and state it directly.
Step 2: Change of structure.
Interrogative form: “Has anyone seen the wind?”
Assertive form: “No one has seen the wind.”
Step 3: Analyze the options.
- (a) No one has seen the wind: Correct assertive statement.
- (b) Wind has no one seen: Incorrect word order.
- (c) Seen no one wind: Grammatically wrong.
- (d) Has seen no one wind: Incorrect structure.
Step 4: Grammar check.
The subject “No one” correctly replaces “Anyone” in the assertive transformation while keeping the verb tense (“has seen”) unchanged.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct assertive form is “No one has seen the wind.”

Step 1: Understanding the phrasal verb.
The phrase “turn on” means to switch on or activate something (like lights, a fan, or a machine). It is used when giving instructions to start electrical equipment.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) lights on: Correct; “Turn the lights on” means to switch them on.
- (b) lights up: Means to brighten or illuminate but not used as a command in this sense.
- (c) lights by: Incorrect; no such phrase.
- (d) lights off: Means to switch off; opposite meaning.
Step 3: Grammar note.
“Turn on” is a separable phrasal verb — the object (“lights”) can come between “turn” and “on.”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“Turn the lights on before starting the meeting.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct phrase is “lights on.”

Step 1: Understanding prepositions of instrument.
When something is done using a tool or instrument, the correct preposition is “with.”
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) by: Used to show the doer of an action (e.g., by him) — not the instrument.
- (b) with: Correct; shows the means or instrument used to perform the action.
- (c) from: Used to indicate source — incorrect here.
- (d) at: Used to indicate direction — incorrect.
Step 3: Constructing the correct sentence.
“He killed a tiger with a rifle.”
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct preposition is “with.”

Step 1: Understanding the idiom.
The phrase “to blow one’s own trumpet” is an idiom used in English to describe a person who boasts or praises themselves. It conveys the idea of self-praise or showing off one’s own achievements.
Step 2: Explanation of the meaning.
This idiom originates from the old practice of heralds or trumpeters announcing the arrival of important people with a trumpet sound. A person “blowing their own trumpet” metaphorically means they are announcing their own importance.
Step 3: Analyzing options.
- (a) Flatter: Means to praise someone else, not oneself — incorrect.
- (b) Discuss: Has no relation to praise or boasting — incorrect.
- (c) Praise others: Opposite of the intended meaning — incorrect.
- (d) Praise one’s own self: Correct, this exactly matches the meaning of the idiom.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the idiom “to blow one’s own trumpet” means “to praise one’s own self.”

Step 1: Understanding the sentence.
The sentence shows a contrast between effort and result — the person tried hard but still failed to pass the test. Hence, the conjunction “still” (meaning ‘even then’) is appropriate.
Step 2: Tense consistency.
Both actions — trying and failing — happened in the past. Therefore, both verbs should remain in past tense.
Step 3: Analyzing the options.
- (a) wasn’t pass: Grammatically incorrect — “wasn’t pass” is not a valid structure.
- (b) couldn’t pass: Correct — both verbs “tried” and “couldn’t pass” are in past tense.
- (c) won’t pass: Future tense — incorrect.
- (d) wouldn’t pass: Conditional tense — not suitable here.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
The correct sentence is: “I tried my best; still I couldn’t pass the test.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the best and grammatically correct combination is option (b).

Step 1: Understanding the structure of the sentence.
The verb required in the blank must fit grammatically and meaningfully in the phrase “to the finish line and back.” The sentence describes a simple action that involves running to a place and returning.
Step 2: Analyze the given options.
- (a) run away: Means to escape or flee, which does not fit the context of reaching a finish line.
- (b) run out of: Means to exhaust a supply (e.g., run out of time), incorrect here.
- (c) run: A simple base form verb meaning to move quickly on foot, fits perfectly with “to the finish line and back.”
- (d) run on: Means to continue for too long, grammatically incorrect for this context.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
The infinitive “to” is followed by the base form of the verb. Therefore, “to run” is grammatically correct.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The complete and correct sentence is: “I have to run to the finish line and back.”

Step 1: Understand the context.
The sentence “The story is..........” requires an adjective phrase that positively describes the noun “story.” The adjective “good” can be intensified using adverbs like “very” or “too.”
Step 2: Analyze the meaning of each option.
- (a) “too good” – implies something is excessively good, often used with a negative sense (e.g., too good to be true).
- (b) “only good” – limits the quality, meaning not better than just “good.”
- (c) “very good” – expresses high praise and is grammatically correct.
- (d) “already good” – suggests it was good earlier, not a general compliment.
Step 3: Grammar check.
“Very” is the correct intensifier to use with a positive adjective in simple statements of quality. Therefore, “very good” correctly fits the context.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The complete correct sentence is: “The story is very good.”

Step 1: Understanding the context.
The sentence contrasts two opposite qualities of the same person — “wise” and “timid.” Hence, a conjunction expressing contrast is needed.
Step 2: Analyze the given options.
- (a) an: Incorrect, as it is an article used before vowel sounds, not suitable here.
- (b) yet: Correct, it is a conjunction meaning “but at the same time,” used to show contrast.
- (c) but: Grammatically possible but less elegant than “yet” in this context; “yet” gives smoother contrast.
- (d) however: Requires punctuation or a semicolon before it, so it’s not the correct choice for this simple sentence.
Step 3: Meaning check.
The sentence “She is wise yet timid” means that although she is intelligent and sensible, she is also shy — expressing contrast.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct answer is (b) yet.

Step 1: Understanding verb forms.
The word “got” is a helping verb here. When “get” is used in the passive form (to show that something happened to the subject), it is followed by the past participle (V3) form of the verb.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) stolen: Past participle (V3) form — correct.
- (b) steal: Base form (V1) — incorrect.
- (c) stole: Simple past (V2) — incorrect.
- (d) stealed: Not a correct English form.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
Structure: “get + past participle” is used to indicate that something happened to the subject.
Example: “My phone got broken.” / “Her bag got lost.”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“I don’t know how the money I kept in my wallet got stolen.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
The correct verb form is “stolen.”

Step 1: Recall the rule of passive voice.
In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, and the subject is placed after “by.”
The structure is: Active Voice: Subject + Modal + Verb (base form) + Object
Passive Voice: Object + Modal + be + Past Participle + by + Subject
Step 2: Apply the rule to the given sentence.
Active voice: “A doctor should examine him.”
Here, “A doctor” = Subject, “should examine” = Verb phrase, and “him” = Object.
Passive voice: Object (“him”) comes first → “He should be examined by a doctor.”
Step 3: Analyze the options.
- (a) He should be examined by a doctor: Correct and grammatically perfect.
- (b) A doctor must examine him: Still in active voice, not transformed.
- (c) Examined he must be by a doctor: Incorrect word order.
- (d) Doctor should be examining him: Continuous form, not correct passive construction.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct passive form is: “He should be examined by a doctor.”

Step 1: Understanding the sentence context.
The sentence gives an instruction or rule that bicyclists are required to follow. When expressing necessity or obligation, the modal verb “must” is used.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) musn’t: Means prohibition — “must not” — incorrect because the sentence is about obligation, not restriction.
- (b) has to: Grammatically correct but used with singular subjects; here, “bicyclists” is plural.
- (c) had to do: Refers to past obligation — incorrect since the sentence is in present tense.
- (d) must: Correct; expresses present necessity or duty for all bicyclists.
Step 3: Constructing the correct sentence.
“Bicyclists must remember to signal when they turn.”
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct modal verb indicating necessity is “must.”

Step 1: Understanding the preposition usage.
The sentence talks about a deadline or a specific point before which everyone wanted to arrive. In such cases, the preposition “by” is used to indicate the latest time for an action.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) by: Means “not later than” — correct for indicating a deadline.
- (b) for: Used for expressing duration (e.g., for two hours) — incorrect here.
- (c) in: Used for time duration in the future (e.g., in two days) — incorrect here.
- (d) at: Used for exact times (e.g., at 5 p.m.) — incorrect for general reference.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
“By” is used when we want to express that something happens before or not later than a specific time. Example: “You must finish the work by tomorrow.”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
The correct sentence is: “Everybody wanted to come here by time.”
(It implies they wanted to arrive before or not later than the decided time.)
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct preposition is “by.”

Step 1: Understanding the helping verb.
The sentence begins with “Do,” which is an auxiliary (helping) verb used in the **present tense**. After “do,” the main verb must always be in its **base form (V1)**.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) needed: Past tense — incorrect because “do” requires present tense base form.
- (b) needing: Present participle — incorrect form after “do.”
- (c) need: Correct; base form of the verb matches with “do.”
- (d) will need: Future form; incorrect since the helping verb “do” already indicates present tense.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
When forming a question with “do,” always use the base form of the verb: Example: “Do you play cricket?” / “Do you need help?”
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is (c) need. The correct sentence is: “Do you need anything?”

Step 1: Understanding the verb “infested.”
The word “infested” means “overrun by something undesirable (like insects or pests).” The correct preposition used with “infested” is “with.”
Step 2: Rule.
We always say “infested with” when referring to something being full of or overrun by something unpleasant.
Step 3: Analyze the options.
- (a) of: Incorrect preposition.
- (b) with: Correct; “infested with rats” is the proper phrase.
- (c) about: Incorrect usage.
- (d) from: Incorrect in this context.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“The storehouse was infested with rats.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct preposition is “with.”

Step 1: Understanding the sentence.
The sentence refers to a historical fact — Shah Jahan constructed the Taj Mahal in the 17th century. Therefore, it must be in the past tense.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) builded: Incorrect; “builded” is not a valid past form.
- (b) will build: Future tense — incorrect.
- (c) building: Present participle — incorrect.
- (d) built: Correct past form of “build.”
Step 3: Grammar Note.
The simple past form of “build” is “built.” Example: “They built a house last year.”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, “built” is the correct form of the verb.

Step 1: Understanding the definition.
A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise that power directly or through elected representatives, is called a “Democracy.”
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) Autocracy: A system where one person has absolute power — opposite of democracy.
- (b) Democracy: A government by the people or their representatives — correct.
- (c) Socialism: An economic and political system where production and resources are owned collectively — not specifically about people’s representation.
- (d) Anarchy: Absence of government or order — incorrect.
Step 3: Example and explanation.
India, the United States, and the United Kingdom are examples of democratic countries where leaders are elected by citizens.
Step 4: Constructing the correct statement.
“The government by the representatives of the people is called democracy.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is (b) Democracy.

Step 1: Understanding sentence combination.
We have two short sentences expressing cause and effect. “He hurt his foot” is the cause, and “He stopped” is the effect. To combine them smoothly, we can use a participial phrase.
Step 2: Use of present participle.
When two actions happen close together and one causes the other, the first can be expressed using a present participle (verb + ing). Here, “Hurting his foot” expresses the reason why he stopped.
Step 3: Analyze the options.
- (a) He hurt his foot and stopped: Grammatically correct but does not show cause clearly.
- (b) Stopped because he had hurt his foot: Awkward construction, incomplete clause.
- (c) Hurting his foot, he stopped: Correct participial phrase showing cause and effect clearly.
- (d) Stopped as he hurt his foot: Incorrect structure, missing main clause.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“Hurting his foot, he stopped.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the best combination showing cause and effect is (c) Hurting his foot, he stopped.

Step 1: Understanding adjectives.
An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. It gives more information about the noun — such as its color, size, shape, or quality.
Step 2: Identify the noun in the sentence.
In the sentence “The young man has grey hair,” the noun being described is “hair.”
Step 3: Find the word describing the noun.
The word “grey” describes the color of the hair. Therefore, it functions as an adjective.
Step 4: Analyze the options.
- (a) Has: Verb — shows possession, not an adjective.
- (b) Man: Noun — subject of the sentence.
- (c) Grey: Describes “hair” — adjective.
- (d) Hair: Noun — object of the verb.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, “grey” is the adjective as it describes the noun “hair.”

Step 1: Understanding the meaning of 'Inferior'.
“Inferior” means lower in rank, quality, or position. The opposite (antonym) must convey a higher level of quality or position.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) Excellent: Means very good, but not the direct opposite of “inferior.”
- (b) Superior: Means higher in quality or position — exact opposite of “inferior.”
- (c) Supportive: Means helpful — unrelated.
- (d) Exterior: Means outer side — unrelated to rank or quality.
Step 3: Grammar and usage.
“Inferior” and “superior” are used in comparisons to show levels of quality or position. Example: “Plastic is inferior to metal.” → “Metal is superior to plastic.”
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct antonym of “inferior” is “superior.”

Step 1: Understanding article usage with time expressions.
When referring to a period of time such as “five years,” “three days,” or “two weeks,” we do not use any article before the number.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) a: Used before singular countable nouns — not suitable here.
- (b) an: Used before vowel sounds — not applicable.
- (c) the: Used for something specific — not required here.
- (d) no article: Correct; time durations do not take an article.
Step 3: Constructing the correct sentence.
“I haven’t seen him in five years.”
Step 4: Grammar note.
The preposition “in” here expresses duration — meaning within a time span. It does not require an article.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is (d) no article.

Step 1: Understanding prepositions of place.
Prepositions like “under,” “below,” “inside,” and “down” describe the position of one object in relation to another. The sentence describes a situation where the thief is hiding in a position covered by the table.
Step 2: Difference between ‘under’ and ‘below’.
- “Under” means directly beneath something and usually covered or protected by it.
- “Below” means at a lower level, but not necessarily directly beneath or covered.
In this case, “under the table” is correct because the thief is concealed by the table.
Step 3: Analyze the options.
- (a) below: Incorrect; not directly covered.
- (b) under: Correct; indicates a covered or sheltered position beneath something.
- (c) down: Incorrect; used for direction, not position.
- (d) inside: Incorrect; used for enclosed spaces like rooms or boxes.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“The thief had been hiding under the table.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct preposition is “under.”

Step 1: Understanding prepositions of time.
Prepositions like “at,” “on,” and “in” are used to show time. “At” is used for specific times of the day, such as 3 p.m., 10 a.m., midnight, etc.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) over: Used for duration or covering a period (e.g., over the weekend) — incorrect.
- (b) to: Used for direction or movement — incorrect here.
- (c) at: Used for a specific time — correct.
- (d) for: Used for duration (e.g., for two hours) — incorrect.
Step 3: Constructing the correct sentence.
The correct sentence is: “The train leaves at 3 p.m.”
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct preposition is “at.”

Step 1: Understanding the meaning of 'Ancestors'.
The word “ancestors” refers to people from whom one is descended — the earlier generations of a family. For example, grandparents or great-grandparents.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) Extinct tribes: Refers to a whole group that no longer exists — incorrect.
- (b) Relatives: Means family members living in the present, not past generations — incorrect.
- (c) Forefathers: Means ancestors or those who lived before us — correct.
- (d) Old people: Refers to elderly living individuals — incorrect.
Step 3: Constructing the meaning.
Thus, “ancestors” and “forefathers” both refer to earlier generations of one’s family.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the synonym of “ancestors” is “forefathers.”

Step 1: Understand the context of the sentence.
The sentence asks about a person’s ability to perform an action — in this case, riding a bicycle up a hill. Hence, the appropriate modal verb should indicate ability or possibility.
Step 2: Meaning of each option.
- (a) Can: Expresses ability or capability — correct in this context.
- (b) Should: Expresses advice or obligation — incorrect.
- (c) May: Expresses permission or possibility — not appropriate for ability.
- (d) Might: Expresses weak possibility — not suitable here.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
Use “can” to ask questions about what someone is able to do physically or mentally.
Example: “Can you swim?” / “Can you ride a bike?”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
The correct form is: “Can you ride your bicycle up to that hill?”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct modal verb is “can,” as it denotes ability.

Step 1: Understanding the phrase.
The phrase “up to the mark” means satisfactory, good enough, or meeting the required standard. The given sentence suggests that the result is below expectations or unsatisfactory, so this phrase fits best.
Step 2: Analyze the options.
- (a) up to the mark: Means satisfactory or as expected — correct choice.
- (b) tooth and nail: Means to fight fiercely — incorrect.
- (c) easy to crack: Means something simple or easy — not applicable here.
- (d) up to date: Means current or modern — not related to “result quality.”
Step 3: Constructing the correct sentence.
The correct sentence is: “Your result is not up to the mark.” This means the result is not satisfactory.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct phrase is “up to the mark.”

Step 1: Understanding the context.
The sentence talks about continuous movement — “Sushil kept walking.” The correct word must describe the **direction of movement**.
Step 2: Meaning of options.
- (a) forward: Means moving ahead or in the front direction — correct and contextually perfect.
- (b) upward: Means moving towards a higher position — incorrect here.
- (c) hither: Means towards here — archaic usage, not suitable.
- (d) thither: Means towards that place — old-fashioned and incorrect in this sentence.
Step 3: Grammar and usage.
“Kept walking forward” correctly indicates continuous movement in a straight or onward direction.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct sentence is: “Sushil kept walking forward.”

Step 1: Understanding the sentence meaning.
The question “..........you decided yet?” implies that the decision-making process might have already happened, but the speaker is checking if it is complete. This suggests the use of the **present perfect tense**.
Step 2: Grammar rule.
The structure of a present perfect question is: Have/Has + subject + past participle (V3)
Since the subject is “you,” the correct auxiliary verb is **“have.”**
Step 3: Analyzing the options.
- (a) Has: Used with singular subjects (he/she/it), not with “you.” Incorrect.
- (b) Do: Used in simple present tense questions (e.g., Do you like?). Incorrect here.
- (c) Did: Used in simple past tense (e.g., Did you decide yesterday?). The word “yet” indicates present perfect, not past.
- (d) Have: Correct, as it matches with “you” in present perfect form.
Step 4: Constructing the sentence.
The correct question is: “Have you decided yet?”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct auxiliary verb to complete the sentence is “have.”

Step 1: Understanding the sentence meaning.
The sentence expresses that we are moving or drifting away from something — the “central idea.” Therefore, the correct word should indicate distance (literal or figurative).
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) farther: Means “at a greater distance,” either physically or metaphorically — correct usage.
- (b) either: Used for choice between two items — incorrect here.
- (c) neither: Negative form of “either” — incorrect meaning.
- (d) other: Means “different,” not suitable in this context.
Step 3: Grammar and usage.
“Farther” and “further” both can mean distance, but “farther” is typically used for physical or measurable distance, while “further” may be used for abstract distance (like “further discussion”).
Here, “getting farther away” clearly fits as we are moving away from the central point or idea.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
The correct sentence is: “We’re getting farther away from the central idea.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct option is (a) farther.

Step 1: Identify the noun type.
The noun “chocolates” is countable because we can count them as one chocolate, two chocolates, etc. Hence, the correct quantifier must agree with a countable noun.
Step 2: Choose the correct quantifier.
- “Many” is used with plural countable nouns.
- “Much” is used with uncountable nouns (like sugar, milk, water).
- “Some” is used in positive sentences, not in a negative warning like this.
- “Any” is used mainly in questions or negative sentences.
Step 3: Analyze the sentence meaning.
The sentence “Don’t eat so ............chocolates or you will get fat” is a negative warning, but it expresses quantity — not negation. Therefore, “many” fits naturally: “Don’t eat so many chocolates.”
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (a) many. The completed sentence is: “Don’t eat so many chocolates or you will get fat.”

Step 1: Understanding the question.
The question asks for the correct spelling of the word “Animate,” which means to bring to life or make something lively.
Step 2: Word meaning and origin.
The word “Animate” comes from the Latin root “animatus,” meaning “to give life or spirit.” It is used as both a verb and an adjective.
Step 3: Analyzing options.
- (a) Animate: Correct spelling.
- (b) Anumete: Incorrect; extra letters and wrong vowel order.
- (c) Anemate: Incorrect; uses “e” instead of “i.”
- (d) Aniumate: Incorrect; has an unnecessary extra vowel “iu.”
Step 4: Usage example.
Example: “Cartoon movies are created using animation to make characters animate and lifelike.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct spelling is Animate.

Step 1: Understanding the sentence.
The sentence refers to a person (“The girl”) who is the object of the verb “saw.” Hence, the relative pronoun used here must refer to a person and act as an object.
Step 2: Rule of relative pronouns.
- “Who” is used as a subject (e.g., The girl who is singing).
- “Whom” is used as an object (e.g., The girl whom you saw).
- “Which” is used for things, not people.
- “When” refers to time, not people.
- “What” is used for things or objects in questions, not for people.
Step 3: Analyze the structure.
In the clause “you saw,” “you” is the subject and “the girl” is the object. Therefore, “whom” is the correct relative pronoun to use.
Step 4: Construct the correct sentence.
“The girl whom you saw was Sohan’s sister.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is (a) whom.

Step 1: Understanding Direct and Indirect Speech.
In direct speech, the speaker’s exact words are quoted inside quotation marks. In indirect speech, we report the statement without quoting exact words.
Step 2: Rule of tense change.
When the reporting verb (“said”) is in the past tense, the verb in the reported speech also shifts one tense back:
- “will” → “would”
- “shall” → “should”
Step 3: Apply conversion rules.
Direct: Meeta said, “She will sing a song.”
Indirect: Meeta said that she would sing a song.
Step 4: Analyze the options.
- (a) Meeta says that she can sing a song: Incorrect, tense not changed.
- (b) Meeta said that she will be singing a song: Incorrect, “will” should change to “would.”
- (c) Meeta said that she would sing a song: Correct, follows all reported speech rules.
- (d) Meeta requested that she wanted to sing a song: Incorrect, reporting verb “said” does not indicate a request.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct indirect speech form is: “Meeta said that she would sing a song.”

Step 1: Understanding auxiliary verb usage.
When the auxiliary verb “did” is used in the past tense, the main verb must remain in its base form (first form). Therefore, “didn’t have” is correct, not “didn’t had.”
Step 2: Analyzing each option.
- (a) “didn't had” – Incorrect, because “had” should be in base form after “did.”
- (b) “didn't had none” – Incorrect, same reason and double negative (“didn't” + “none”).
- (c) “didn't none” – Incorrect, missing main verb and grammatically wrong.
- (d) “didn't have any” – Correct; it uses the base form “have” after “didn’t” and maintains proper negative construction.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
After the auxiliary verbs “do,” “does,” and “did,” the main verb always stays in its base form (V1). Double negatives (like “didn't none”) are also grammatically incorrect in standard English.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the grammatically correct and meaningful sentence is:
“I asked her for chocolates, but she didn’t have any.”

Step 1: Understand the sentence meaning.
The sentence “We’ll really miss the bus!” expresses a strong emotion—regret or urgency—indicated by the exclamation mark at the end.
Step 2: Types of sentences overview.
- **Declarative:** States a fact or opinion (e.g., “It is raining.”).
- **Interrogative:** Asks a question (e.g., “Is it raining?”).
- **Exclamatory:** Expresses strong feelings or emotions (e.g., “What a lovely day!”).
- **Imperative:** Gives a command or request (e.g., “Please sit down.”).
Step 3: Identify the tone and punctuation.
Since this sentence ends with an exclamation mark (!) and conveys strong emotion, it is **Exclamatory**.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, “We’ll really miss the bus!” is an Exclamatory sentence.

Step 1: Understanding the question.
The question asks for the term used to describe a poem written on the death of a loved one. Such a poem expresses sorrow or mourning for the deceased.
Step 2: Definitions of options.
- (a) Ode: A lyrical poem that expresses admiration or praise for someone or something, usually joyful in tone.
- (b) Epic: A long narrative poem that tells heroic stories of legendary figures or historical events.
- (c) Sonnet: A short poem consisting of 14 lines, usually expressing love or personal feelings.
- (d) Elegy: A mournful or reflective poem written to lament the death of someone, often expressing grief and remembrance.
Step 3: Identifying the correct answer.
Since the question specifies “on the death of a loved one,” the correct poetic form that fits this description is an **Elegy**.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is (d) Elegy.

Step 1: Understanding the sentence structure.
The blank is followed by the word “son,” indicating possession — the son belongs to the man (Ashish). Therefore, a possessive relative pronoun is required.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) Who: Refers to a person, but not possessive.
- (b) Whose: Correct; shows possession (“the man whose son”).
- (c) Where: Refers to a place — incorrect here.
- (d) Whom: Refers to the object of a verb — incorrect in this context.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
“Whose” is used to show possession in relative clauses. Example: “The boy whose bike was stolen is crying.”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“Ashish is the man whose son won the scholarship.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, “whose” is the correct word to fill the blank.

Step 1: Understanding the category.
Among the given items, three are writing instruments — pen, marker, and pencil — while one is an object used for writing on, not for writing with.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) Pen: Used for writing.
- (b) Marker: Used for writing or marking.
- (c) Paper: The surface to write on — not a writing tool.
- (d) Pencil: Used for writing or drawing.
Step 3: Conclusion.
“Paper” is the odd one out because it is not a writing instrument but a writing medium.

Step 1: Understanding the context.
The sentence “Can............talk for a minute?” indicates that the speaker is asking permission to talk to a specific person. The missing word must be an objective pronoun, as it is the object of the verb “talk.”
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) him: Could fit grammatically, but the context likely refers to a female subject (based on the pronoun choice).
- (b) her: Correct objective pronoun for a female person; grammatically fits perfectly.
- (c) we: Incorrect; “we” is a subject pronoun, not used as an object.
- (d) them: Plural form; incorrect if referring to one person.
Step 3: Constructing the correct sentence.
“Can her talk for a minute?” would still be incorrect; instead, the correct meaning is “Can I talk to her for a minute?” But based on the test structure, “her” fits the blank syntactically.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct answer is “her.”

Step 1: Understanding the structure.
After verbs like “try,” when followed by another action verb, the gerund form (verb + ing) is used to suggest an experiment or attempt.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) hit: Base verb form — not correct after “try.”
- (b) having hit: Perfect participle — indicates completed action, incorrect here.
- (c) hitting: Gerund form — correct; fits the structure “try + verb-ing.”
- (d) to be hitting: Incorrect infinitive structure for this context.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
“Try + verb-ing” means to attempt or experiment with doing something. Example: “Try restarting your phone.”
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“Why don’t you try hitting it with a hammer?”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is “hitting.”

Step 1: Understanding the verb “forbid.”
The verb “forbid” means to prohibit or disallow someone from doing something. The correct structure is: “forbid + object + to + base verb.”
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (a) My mother forbade me not to go out: Double negatives make the sentence incorrect; “forbade” already implies prohibition.
- (b) My mother forbade me not go out: Missing “to” before the verb; incorrect grammar.
- (c) My mother forbade do not go out: Incorrect structure and missing object.
- (d) My mother forbade me to go out: Correct structure — “forbade + object + to + verb.”
Step 3: Grammar Rule.
Use “to + verb” after verbs like “forbid,” “allow,” “advise,” “tell,” etc., when there is an object.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“My mother forbade me to go out.”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is “My mother forbade me to go out.”

Step 1: Understanding the use of articles.
Articles “a” and “an” are used before singular countable nouns. “A” is used before words beginning with a consonant sound, and “an” is used before words beginning with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u).
Step 2: Analyzing the noun.
The word “ant” begins with the vowel sound /æ/ (as in ‘apple’), so it takes the article “an.”
Step 3: Analyze the options.
- (a) a: Incorrect; used before consonant sounds.
- (b) an: Correct; used before vowel sounds.
- (c) the: Incorrect; definite article, not needed here.
- (d) no article: Incorrect; an article is required before a singular countable noun.
Step 4: Constructing the correct sentence.
“How much weight can an ant carry?”
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, “an” is the correct article.

Step 1: Understanding the question.
The sentence asks about the state to which Mahatma Gandhi belonged. In English, when we refer to origin or belonging, the preposition **‘from’** is used.
Step 2: Grammar rule.
We use “belong from” when referring to a person’s place of origin or where someone is associated with. For example: “He belongs from Gujarat.”
The word **‘of’** expresses possession, not origin; hence, it would be incorrect here.
Step 3: Contextual explanation.
Mahatma Gandhi was born in Porbandar, which is in Gujarat, India. So the correct sentence is:
“Mahatma Gandhi belonged from Gujarat.”
Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct preposition to complete the sentence is **‘from’.**

Step 1: Understanding the sentence structure.
The phrase “in the past” indicates that the sentence refers to a completed action, so the past tense must be used.
Step 2: Analyzing each option.
- (a) “works” – Present tense, incorrect because the action is not happening now.
- (b) “working” – Present participle form, incorrect since there’s no helping verb.
- (c) “worked” – Simple past tense, correct form as it fits the time phrase “in the past.”
- (d) “have worked” – Present perfect tense, incorrect because the sentence specifically indicates a finished past action.
Step 3: Grammar rule.
The simple past tense is used to describe actions completed at a definite time in the past. Hence, “worked” is appropriate.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct sentence is: “My sister worked as a steno in the past.”

Step 1: Understanding the Correct Usage of Verb Forms:
In this sentence, the auxiliary verb "have" is used, and the main verb should be in the past participle form. The correct past participle of "see" is "seen."
Step 2: Analyzing the Options:
- See: This is the base form of the verb and is incorrect here. The auxiliary verb "have" should be followed by the past participle.
- Saw: This is the simple past tense of "see," and it is not appropriate after "have."
- Seeing: This is the present participle, which is incorrect because it doesn’t fit with the auxiliary verb "have."
- Seen: This is the correct past participle of "see," and it is used after "have" in the present perfect tense.
Step 3: Conclusion:
The correct answer is seen.

Step 1: Understanding the Subject-Verb Agreement:
"A variety" is a singular subject, even though "variety" refers to many different kinds. This is why we use the singular form of the verb "is."
Step 2: Analyzing the Options:
- Is: This is the correct choice, as "variety" is singular and requires a singular verb.
- Are: This is incorrect because "are" is used for plural subjects.
- Has: This is incorrect because "has" is used with singular nouns, but the subject is a singular "variety," not a singular possessive subject.
- Have: This is incorrect because "have" is used with plural subjects.
Step 3: Conclusion:
The correct verb is is.