Turf Management

Dethatching is the process of removing the thatch layer, which consists of dead and decaying organic material, such as stems, roots, and leaves, that accumulate on the soil surface beneath the grass. This layer can prevent water, nutrients, and air from reaching the grass roots effectively.
Scraping (A) generally refers to physically scraping soil or debris but is not specific to thatch removal.
Spiking (C) involves making small holes in the lawn to improve aeration.
Raking (D) is used to remove loose debris but may not effectively remove compacted thatch. Therefore, dethatching is the appropriate process for removing the dead organic debris layer from grass.

Zoysia japonica is a warm-season grass known for its tolerance to shade, drought, and wear. It is commonly used in lawns and shady areas due to its ability to grow under low light conditions.
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) prefers full sun and does not perform well in shaded areas.
Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) prefers cooler climates and sunny to partially shady areas.
Paspalum notatum is more suitable for sunny and moist conditions. Therefore, Zoysia japonica is the most suitable grass for shady areas.

Termites are considered the most destructive lawn pests because they feed on cellulose materials in soil and plant roots, causing significant damage to lawns, wooden structures, and plant health. Their colonies can rapidly grow and infest large areas.
(A) White grubs – Incorrect; they also damage lawns but are less destructive compared to termites.
(B) Termites – Correct. They cause severe damage by attacking roots and wooden parts.
(C) Fairy ring – Incorrect; it is a fungal disease affecting lawns, not a pest.
(D) Pale lawn – Incorrect; this is a symptom, not a pest.