Ancient Indian Social And Economic Life Institution

Champa near Bhagalpur is referred to as Vaniyagama in a Prakrit text. The term indicates the city’s prominence as a commercial hub for merchants and trade activities.

Suvarnadvipa, meaning ”island of gold,” was a term used by ancient Indians to describe Java. This was due to Java’s significant economic importance and trade connections with India, particularly in commodities like gold.

Kautilya’s Arthashastra categorizes revenues from pasture grounds (Vraja), mines (Khani), countryside (Rashtra), and irrigation projects (Setu). These terms represent critical aspects of Mauryan administration.

Ajnapati is not recorded as a title of landed magnates in the Kaveri delta. Titles like Udaiyan, Velam, and Araiyan indicate the feudal structure that emerged in medieval South India.

The Arthashastra ,an ancient Indian treat is eonstatecraft,economic policy,and military strat egy by Kautilya(Chanakya),mentions the appointment of 27 superintendents (adhyakshas) too versee various departments of the state, such as trade, agriculture, and taxation. These official sensured the smooth functioning of the administration

The correct matching is:
- (A) Katamai- (III) Land revenue
- (B) Kutimai- (IV) Occupancy dues
- (C) Vetti- (I) Compulsory labour services
- (D) Puravuvarit-tinaik-kalam- (II) Department of revenue
Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.

Non-Brahman villages in southern India were known as Vellanvaki. These settlements were primarily inhabited by agriculturists and other non-Brahman communities. The term distinguishes them from Brahmadeya villages, which were tax-free settlements granted to Brahmins.