Logical Reasoning

Concept: In logical sequencing questions, items should be arranged based on a meaningful order such as value, rarity, hardness, size, or importance. Here, the sequence can be arranged according to the increasing value of natural materials and minerals.
Step 1:Identify the least valuable material.
Sand is the most common and least valuable material.
Step 2:Arrange the metals in increasing value.
Among the metals given: Thus,
Step 3:Identify the most valuable item.
Diamond is the most precious among the given options.
Step 4:Form the final logical sequence.

Concept: In blood relation problems, identify each relationship step-by-step and connect them logically. The term {maternal grandmother} refers to the mother of the person's mother.
Step 1:Identify the nephew.
The man mentions his nephew. A nephew is the son of one's brother or sister.
Step 2:Find the maternal grandmother of the nephew.
Maternal grandmother = mother of the nephew's mother. If the nephew is the son of the man's sister, then the nephew's mother is the man's sister.
Step 3:Identify the lady in the photograph.
The lady is the maternal grandmother of the nephew, which means she is the mother of the man's sister.
Step 4:Relate the lady to the man's sister.
Since the lady is the mother of the man's sister, the relationship is: Thus, the lady is the Mother of the man's sister.

Concept: In coding–decoding problems, each letter is often shifted by a fixed number of positions in the alphabet. Here, we compare each letter of the word with its coded form.
Step 1:Observe the pattern in the given code.
Thus, the pattern of shifts is:
Step 2:Apply the same shifting pattern to the word COUNCIL.

Step 3:Write the coded word.