Hospital Planning And Design

Step 1: Recall the standard zoning concept for an Operation Theatre complex. Step 1: An OT complex is designed with zones of increasing cleanliness to minimize the risk of infection. The typical model includes four zones.
Step 2: Identify the standard zones.
Step 2: The four standard zones are:

Protective Zone (or Outer Zone): The entrance area where staff and patients enter. Street clothes are permitted here.
Clean Zone (or Semi-Restricted Zone): Area for pre-operative preparations, storage of clean supplies, and staff changing rooms. Requires scrubs and caps.
Sterile Zone (or Restricted Zone): The actual operating room where surgery is performed. Requires full sterile attire.
Disposal Zone (or Dirty Corridor): The exit corridor for used instruments, linen, and waste.
Step 3: Evaluate the options provided.
Step 3: The list includes (A) Disposal zone, (B) Protective zone, and (D) Sterile zone, which are all standard parts of the OT zoning concept. (C) Autonomous zone is not a standard term in this context. Therefore, A, B, and D are the correct components.

Step 1: Refer to the standards set by the National Building Code (NBC) of India. Step 1: The NBC provides guidelines for various aspects of building construction and services, including water supply requirements for different types of buildings.
Step 2: Identify the specific standard for hospitals.
Step 2: For hospitals, the water requirement is significantly higher than for residential buildings due to medical procedures, laundry, sanitation, kitchen services, and sterilization. The NBC specifies different rates based on the size of the hospital.
Step 3: State the value for hospitals up to 100 beds.
Step 3: According to the National Building Code of India, the recommended water supply is 455 litres per capita per day (LPCD) for hospitals with up to 100 beds. For hospitals with more than 100 beds, the requirement is higher.

Step 1: Define HEPA filters and their characteristics. Step 1: HEPA filters are a type of mechanical air filter used in environments requiring very clean air, such as operating theatres, clean rooms, and biosafety cabinets.
Step 2: Evaluate each statement.
Step 2:

(A) They are dry type filter. True. HEPA filters are made of a mat of randomly arranged fibers, typically fiberglass, and operate dry.
(B) Non-reusable filter. True. Once a HEPA filter is clogged with particles, it cannot be effectively cleaned and must be replaced.
(C) Remove 99.9 per cent of airborne particles. True. The standard definition of a HEPA filter is one that removes at least 99.97% of airborne particles with a size of 0.3 micrometers (µm). So, removing 99.9% is a correct, though slightly less precise, statement.
(D) Remove dust, pollen, mold and bacteria. True. The filter's high efficiency allows it to capture a wide range of microscopic particles, including all those listed.
Step 3: Conclude which features are correct.
Step 3: All four statements (A, B, C, and D) are characteristic features of HEPA filters.

Step 1: Understand the terminology of architectural space planning. Step 1: In building design and hospital planning, space is categorized by its function. The question describes space dedicated to movement.
Step 2: Define "Circulation Space".
Step 2: Circulation space is the area within a building, such as corridors, hallways, lobbies, and stairwells, that is dedicated to facilitating the movement of people and goods from one area to another. The description of "uncluttered movement of personnel and materials" is the primary purpose of circulation space.
Step 3: Eliminate other options.
Step 3: The other terms refer to different types of functional spaces (e.g., primary work areas, secondary support areas) but not the space for movement between them.