Applied Linguistics

Sociolinguistic studies focus on the relationship between language and society. Pidgin, register, code, and lexicon are all key concepts in this field. Pidgin refers to simplified languages, register is the style of language used in particular situations, code relates to lan-guage variation, and lexicon refers to the vocabulary of a language.

Dictionaries can be categorized based on the number of languages they include.Bilingual and multilingual dictionaries include multiple languages, while monolingual dictio naries focus on a single language. Quadratic dictionaries can be considered a non-standard term, possibly referring to dictionaries with four language components or definitions.

Forensic linguistics, language law, and judicial linguistics are the branches of linguistics that study the relationship between language, law, and crime. ”Criminal linguistics”is not commonly recognized as a distinct branch.

Chomsky proposed the concepts of competence and performance. However, theconcepts of ”sign” and ”signifier” are associated with Ferdinand de Saussure, not Chomsky.

Chomsky is associated with syntagmatic (I).
Saussure is associated with performance (II).
- Bhartrihari is associated with Abhidha (IV).
- Anandvardhana is associated with Sphota (III).

A phoneme is related to phonetics (III).
A grapheme is related to graphology (II).
- A lexeme is related to lexicography (IV).
- A morpheme is related to morphology (I).