Phonetics And Phonology

In articulation, active articulators are those that move during speech production to make contact with passive articulators. The active articulators in this case are the lower lip and the tongue.

Phonology refers to the study of speech sounds (II).
- Syntax refers to the study of arrangements of words in sentences (III).
- Semantics refers to the study of meaning (I).
- Morphology refers to the study of a structure of and classes of words (IV).

The correct match between the phonetic terms and their respective sounds is: - Velar sounds are associated with (II) - Palatal sounds are associated with (III) - Dental sounds are associated with (I) - Glottal sounds are associated with (IV)

The correct match of articulation types with their respective features is:
• Bilabial is associated with Glottis (Vocal cords) (I)
• Glottal is associated with Upper lip and lower lip (II)
• Dental is associated with Hard palate and front of tongue (III)
• Palatal is associated with teeth and tip of tongue (IV)

Allophones are different realizations or variations of the same phoneme, depending on the phonetic environment. These variations do not change the meaning of the word, for example, the /p/ sound in “pat” and “spat.”

Nasal sounds occur when the airflow is directed through the nasal cavity, typically when the soft palate (velum) is lowered. This allows air to pass through the nose, producing nasal sounds like /m/, /n/, and //.

Vowel sounds are produced when the airflow is not significantly restricted or obstructed. The vocal cords vibrate, and the sound is shaped by the mouth’s position, making vowel sounds produced with free airflow.

Oral sounds are produced when the airflow passes through the mouth and is not blocked by the nasal cavity. In contrast, nasal sounds involve the airflow being redirected through the nose.Oral sounds are the most common types of speech sounds.

Consonant sounds are produced when the airflow is constricted or obstructed in the vocal tract. This constriction can occur in various places, such as the mouth, throat, or nose, to produce different consonant sounds.

Human sound is produced when air from the lungs passes through the vocal cords and is modified by the vocal tract to form audible sounds. This process is often referred to as the production of ”audible air.”

In phonetics, the roof of the mouth is classified as a passive articulator. Passive articulators do not move; instead, they form the surface against which the active articulators (such as the tongue) make contact to produce speech sounds.

The human eardrum can hear sounds within the frequency range of 20Hz to 20,000Hz. This range includes most sounds that we encounter daily, including both low-frequency sounds like a bass and high-frequency sounds like a bird chirping.