Indian Polity

Concept: NITI Aayog is a policy think tank of the Government of India that was established to replace the Planning Commission. It focuses on cooperative federalism, sustainable development, and strategic policy planning. The organization plays a key role in designing long-term policies and fostering collaboration between the central and state governments.
Step 1: Identify the full form of NITI Aayog.

• National Institute for Transforming India – Incorrect wording.
• National Institution for Transforming India – Correct expansion of NITI.
• National Initiative for Technological Innovation – Not related to NITI Aayog.
• National Institute of Trade and Industry – Not the correct form.

Thus, the correct answer is National Institution for Transforming India.

Concept: The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are guidelines provided in the Indian Constitution for the government to establish social and economic democracy. Although they are not legally enforceable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country. These principles aim to create a welfare state by promoting justice, equality, and improved living standards for citizens.
Step 1: Identify the part of the Constitution containing DPSP.

• Part II – Citizenship provisions.
• Part III – Fundamental Rights.
• Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy.
• Part V – Union Government provisions.

Thus, the Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in Part IV of the Indian Constitution.

Concept: Child marriage has been a serious social issue in India. To prevent this practice and protect the rights of children, the government enacted specific legislation. The earlier law was the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 (also known as the Sarda Act). Later, it was replaced by a more comprehensive law known as the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. This Act strengthened legal provisions to prevent child marriages and provided stricter punishments for those who perform, promote, or permit such marriages.
Step 1: Identify the year when the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act was enacted.

• 1929 – Child Marriage Restraint Act (earlier legislation).
• 2006 – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act.
• 2015 – Not related to this Act.
• 1990 – No such Act passed in this year.

Thus, the correct answer is 2006.

Concept: The Indian Constitution guarantees several Fundamental Rights to ensure equality, dignity, and justice for all citizens. One of the important provisions is the abolition of the practice of untouchability, which was historically practiced as a form of social discrimination against certain communities. To eliminate this discriminatory practice, the Constitution explicitly prohibits untouchability and its practice in any form.
Step 1: Identify the constitutional provision that abolishes untouchability.

• Article 14 – Guarantees equality before the law.
• Article 17 – Abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
• Article 19 – Provides six fundamental freedoms to citizens.
• Article 21 – Protects the right to life and personal liberty.

Article 17 clearly states that “Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden.” Any disability arising from it is punishable according to law. Therefore, the correct answer is Article 17.

Concept: The Juvenile Justice Act in India provides a legal framework for the care, protection, treatment, and rehabilitation of children in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection. It ensures that juveniles are treated differently from adults within the justice system and focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment. India enacted its first comprehensive national legislation for juvenile justice in order to align with international child rights principles and to create a uniform legal framework across the country.
Step 1: Identify the year when the first Juvenile Justice Act was enacted in India.
The first nationwide legislation was the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986. This Act aimed to provide proper care, protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation of neglected or delinquent juveniles. Later developments include:

• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 – introduced to align with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 – introduced provisions for trying certain juveniles as adults in heinous crimes.

Thus, the first enactment of the Juvenile Justice Act in India was in 1986.