Psychology

Concept: Jean Piaget proposed the Cognitive Development Theory, which explains how children develop thinking and reasoning abilities in stages. One important concept in early childhood development is Object Permanence. Object permanence refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Infants initially believe that objects disappear when they are out of sight, but they gradually learn that objects still exist.
Step 1: Identify the stage where object permanence develops.

• Sensorimotor Stage (0–2 years) – Development of object permanence.
• Preoperational Stage (2–7 years) – Development of symbolic thinking.
• Concrete Operational Stage (7–11 years) – Logical thinking about concrete events.
• Formal Operational Stage (11+ years) – Abstract and hypothetical thinking.

Thus, the correct answer is the Sensorimotor Stage.

Concept: Psychoanalytic Theory is a major psychological approach that explains human behavior through the interaction of conscious and unconscious mental processes. It emphasizes the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious desires, and internal conflicts on personality and behavior. The theory introduced several important concepts such as:

• The unconscious mind
• The structure of personality: Id, Ego, and Superego
• Defense mechanisms
• The importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality

Step 1: Identify the psychologist who developed Psychoanalytic Theory.
Among the given options:

• Carl Rogers – Known for Humanistic Psychology
• Sigmund Freud – Founder of Psychoanalytic Theory
• B.F. Skinner – Known for Operant Conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov – Known for Classical Conditioning

Therefore, the psychologist known as the **father of Psychoanalytic Theory** is **Sigmund Freud**.