Reading Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the question:
Lakes and river systems are separated from each other by barriers of land. It might have been thought that fresh water productions would not have ranged widely within the same country, and as the sea is apparently a still more impassable barrier, that they never would have extended to distant countries. But the case is exactly the reverse. Not only have fresh-water species, belonging to quite different classes, an enormous range, but allied species have also prevailed in a remarkable manner throughout the world. I well remember, while first collecting the fresh-waters of Brazil, feeling much surprise at the similarity of the fresh-water insects, shells, etc. and at the dissimilarity of the surrounding terrestrial beings, compared with those of Britain.

Read the following passage and answer the question:
The global average surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.8° C over the last century. Many countries have experienced increase in rainfall, particularly in those situated in the mid to high latitudes. In some regions, the frequency and intensity of droughts have increased in recent decades. All these are signs of climate change, which making it more difficult for mankind survival. Projections of future climate change have predicted that the global mean surface temperature will rise by 1.4° C to 5.8° C. The frequency of weather extremes is likely to increase. Global mean sea level is projected to rise by 9 to 88 cm by the year 2100. Changes in climate may affect the distribution of vector species which in turn will increase the spread of diseases, such as malaria and filariasis, to new areas which lack a strong public health infrastructure.

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
Lakes are freshwater ecosystems that may be natural or more frequently, artificially created by the construction of dams and tanks. Damming rivers alters a flowing water ecosystem to a still water ecosystem. This is usually developed for irrigation, or for water storage for urban or industrial use and hydroelectric power generation. There are several types of lakes - oligotrophic, dystrophic, eutrophic, endemic, volcanic, meromictic and artificial. Their biodiversity includes algae, which derives energy from the sun. This is transferred to microscopic animals which feed on the algae. Herbivorous fish, which in turn are preyed upon by larger carnivorous fish. Some specialised fish, such as catfish, feed on the detritus on the muddy bed of the lake; they are called bottom feeders or bottom dwellers. Fisherfolk depend heavily on this freshwater ecosystem, and farmers use it for water for their fields.
Sunlight penetrates the water surface of shallow parts of a lake ecosystem used by the aquatic plants. From the aquatic plants, energy is transferred to herbivorous animals and carnivores that live in water. These animals excrete waste products, which settle at the bottom of the lake and are broken down by small animals such as molluscs and worms that live in the mud in the lake bed. This acts as the nutrient material used by aquatic plants for their growth. During this process plants use carbon from CO2 for their growth and release oxygen. This oxygen is then used by aquatic animals, which filter water through their respiratory system.

Acid rain could be in form of rain, snow or mist acid rain occurring in a place could be caused by emission from for away. Industrial operations and fossil fuel combustions are the way as sources of acid forming gases. Since the advent of industrial revolution, human activities have been releasing such pollutants in large quantities. When soil is acidified it loses its productivity, which heads to damage plant roots. Thousand of lakes in Sweden, Norway have been permanently affected by acid. The Taj Mahal was also threatened by acid rain caused by factories in Agra, Acid neutralization is one way of reducing acidity. However reduction in emission is the best way to solve the problem.